Davis P B, Byard P J
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jul;65(1):200-4. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.200.
Healthy adult volunteers (n = 122), who denied personal history of lung disease or family history of cystic fibrosis or asthma, took no interfering medications, and had forced expiratory volume in 1 s greater than or equal to 80% predicted, underwent methacholine challenge and pupillary reactivity testing. Pupil diameter measured in dark and light test conditions declined with age (Pearson's r = -0.54 and -0.36). Pupillary alpha-adrenergic responsiveness (expressed as the concentration of phenylephrine required to dilate the pupil 1 mm) was significantly correlated with age. Older subjects required lower concentrations for dilation and therefore were more sensitive to phenylephrine. Pupillary cholinergic responsiveness (the concentration of carbachol required for 1-mm constriction) was not significantly correlated with age. Therefore the significantly smaller baseline pupil size in the elderly cannot be explained by failure of alpha-adrenergic receptor responses or by increased pupillary cholinergic responsiveness. We found no significant correlation of methacholine bronchial reactivity with age. In addition, there was no relation between airway reactivity and pupillary alpha-adrenergic or cholinergic responsiveness in this sample of healthy adults. These findings, taken with others in the literature, suggest that the contribution of alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic responsiveness to nonspecific airway reactivity in healthy persons is small, if it exists at all, and that there is no significant change in airway reactivity with age in healthy adults.
122名健康成年志愿者，他们否认有肺部疾病个人史、囊性纤维化或哮喘家族史，未服用干扰药物，且一秒用力呼气量大于或等于预测值的80%，接受了乙酰甲胆碱激发试验和瞳孔反应性测试。在暗光和亮光测试条件下测量的瞳孔直径随年龄下降（皮尔逊相关系数r分别为-0.54和-0.36）。瞳孔α-肾上腺素能反应性（表示为使瞳孔扩张1毫米所需的去氧肾上腺素浓度）与年龄显著相关。年龄较大的受试者扩张所需的浓度较低，因此对去氧肾上腺素更敏感。瞳孔胆碱能反应性（使瞳孔收缩1毫米所需的卡巴胆碱浓度）与年龄无显著相关性。因此，老年人基线瞳孔尺寸明显较小不能用α-肾上腺素能受体反应失败或瞳孔胆碱能反应性增加来解释。我们发现乙酰甲胆碱支气管反应性与年龄无显著相关性。此外，在这个健康成人样本中，气道反应性与瞳孔α-肾上腺素能或胆碱能反应性之间没有关系。这些发现与文献中的其他发现表明，α-肾上腺素能和胆碱能反应性对健康人非特异性气道反应性的贡献很小（如果确实存在的话），并且健康成年人的气道反应性不会随年龄发生显著变化。
