Bäckström A C
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;85B:187-208. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_13.
Previous results have shown that alcohol has an effect on vision and on the excitability of retinal neurons. Action potentials of single ganglion cells were recorded by microelectrodes in opened and excised eyes from frogs (Rana temporaria L.). Histologically two types of synapses have been described in the retina: conventional synapses and synapses with a ribbon or bar shaped component surrounded by a rather uniform layer of synaptic vesicles. The "ribbon synapses" are presynaptic contacts in receptor and bipolar cells while horizontal and amacrine cells have conventional synapses. Tests with ethanol doses up to 0.2% indicated stronger effects on the conventional synapses than on the ribbon synapses. Alcohol decreased or abolished the lateral inhibition ( inhibitory surround) mediated by the amacrine cells and depressed the signals from the green rods, which apparently are mediated by horizontal cells. Further alcohol decreased the sensitivity of the signals from the completely dark-adapted red rods in the retina, and increased the sensitivity of the cone-mediated responses for class 3 and deviating class 4 cells, when measured against a background light. Alcohol also increased the latency of the response up to 55 msec. depending on the size of the stimulus field.
先前的研究结果表明，酒精对视力和视网膜神经元的兴奋性有影响。在从青蛙（林蛙）摘除的开放眼睛中，用微电极记录单个神经节细胞的动作电位。组织学研究表明，视网膜中存在两种类型的突触：传统突触以及带有带状或杆状成分且被相当均匀的一层突触小泡包围的突触。“带状突触”是感受器细胞和双极细胞中的突触前接触，而水平细胞和无长突细胞具有传统突触。用高达0.2%的乙醇剂量进行的测试表明，酒精对传统突触的影响比对带状突触的影响更强。酒精会降低或消除由无长突细胞介导的侧向抑制（抑制性周边），并抑制来自绿色视杆细胞的信号，而这些信号显然是由水平细胞介导的。此外，酒精会降低视网膜中完全暗适应的红色视杆细胞信号的敏感性，并且在有背景光的情况下测量时，会增加第3类和偏离第4类细胞的锥体细胞介导反应的敏感性。酒精还会使反应潜伏期延长至55毫秒，具体取决于刺激场的大小。
