Sun Chao, Tian Ye, Breheny Richard
Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics, Berlin, Germany.
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 1;9:2092. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02092. eCollection 2018.
Several recent studies have shown that different scalar terms are liable to give rise to scalar inferences at different rates (Doran et al., 2009, 2012; van Tiel et al., 2016). A number of potential factors have been explored to account for such . These factors can be seen as methodological in origin, or as motivated by widely discussed analyses of scalar inferences. Such factors allow us to explain some of the variation, but they leave much of it unexplained. In this paper, we explore two new potential factors. One is methodologically motivated, related to the choice of items in previous studies. The second is motivated by theoretical approaches which go beyond the standard Gricean approach to pragmatic effects. In particular, we consider theories which allow for scalar inferences to be explained either using 'global' pragmatic derivations, like those set out in standard Gricean theory, or using local adjustments to interpretation. We focus on one such theory, based on the Bayesian Rational Speech Act approach (RSA-LU, Bergen et al., 2016). We show that RSA-LU predicts that a scalar term's liability to certain kinds of local enrichment will explain some Scalar Diversity. In three experiments, we show that both proposed factors are active in the scalar diversity effect. We conclude with a discussion of the grammatical approach to local effects and show that our results provide better evidence for dual route approaches to scalar effects.
最近的几项研究表明，不同的量级词引发量级推理的速率不同（多兰等人，2009年、2012年；范·蒂尔等人，2016年）。人们已经探究了一些潜在因素来解释这种情况。这些因素可以被视为源于方法论，或者是由对量级推理的广泛讨论分析所推动。这些因素使我们能够解释部分差异，但仍有许多差异无法解释。在本文中，我们探究两个新的潜在因素。一个是由方法论推动的，与先前研究中项目的选择有关。第二个是由超越标准格莱斯语用效应方法的理论方法所推动的。具体而言，我们考虑那些允许使用“全局”语用推导（如标准格莱斯理论中阐述的那些）或使用局部解释调整来解释量级推理的理论。我们聚焦于基于贝叶斯理性言语行为方法的一个这样的理论（RSA-LU，伯根等人，2016年）。我们表明，RSA-LU预测一个量级词对某些类型局部丰富的倾向将解释一些量级多样性。在三个实验中，我们表明两个提出的因素在量级多样性效应中都起作用。我们最后讨论了局部效应的语法方法，并表明我们的结果为量级效应的双路径方法提供了更好的证据。
