Maccabi-Kahn Institute of Research and Innovation, 4 Koifman St, 8th floor, 6812509, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Motherisk Israel Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Clin Drug Investig. 2019 Feb;39(2):217-220. doi: 10.1007/s40261-018-0726-1.
Young children may be accidentally exposed to adult dose forms of medications, some of which can be fatal, even with a single dose. As numerous new medications have been introduced, we herein update a 2004 list of potentially toxic drugs that can be lethal for toddlers when taking one adult dose unit.
We reviewed all medications available in North America and identified their reported fatal doses per kilogram in children, or in adults if no pediatric data were available. For each drug we identified the largest dose unit available on the market and calculated how many dose units would be fatal to a 10 kg toddler.
Since 2004, the list of potentially fatal drugs for toddlers has doubled and now includes new anticoagulants, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, new antiepileptic drugs, antidiabetic medications, drugs for multiple sclerosis, and second-generation antipsychotic drugs, among others.
With the development of potent new medications, an increasing number of drugs are dangerous upon accidental exposure to toddlers and young children. The present 2018 list of documented fatal drugs has doubled compared with 2004, and special labeling of these medications is urgently needed to avoid such calamities.
幼儿可能会意外接触到成人剂量的药物，其中一些即使只服用一剂也可能致命。随着许多新药的问世，我们在此更新了 2004 年一份潜在有毒药物的清单，这些药物对于 10 公斤的幼儿来说，哪怕只服用一个成人剂量单位也可能是致命的。
我们回顾了北美所有可用的药物，并确定了其在儿童中的报告致死剂量，或者如果没有儿科数据，则确定了成人中的剂量。对于每种药物，我们确定了市场上可用的最大剂量单位，并计算了一个 10 公斤的幼儿需要多少剂量单位才会致命。
自 2004 年以来，对于幼儿来说潜在致命药物的清单已经翻了一番，现在包括了新的抗凝剂、一种磷酸二酯酶-5 抑制剂、新的抗癫痫药物、抗糖尿病药物、多发性硬化症药物和第二代抗精神病药物等。
随着强效新药的发展，越来越多的药物在意外接触幼儿和儿童时会变得危险。与 2004 年相比，目前 2018 年记录的致命药物清单增加了一倍，迫切需要对这些药物进行特殊标记，以避免此类灾难。
