Superko H Robert, Williams Paul T, Dansinger Michael, Schaefer Ernst
Cholesterol, Genetics, and Heart Disease Institute, Carmel, California.
Children's Hospital of Oakland, Oakland, California.
Clin Cardiol. 2019 Jan;42(1):101-110. doi: 10.1002/clc.23115. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Over a 14-year period, age-adjusted high total cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) in the United States declined from 18.3% in 1999 to 2000 to 11.0% in 2013 to 2014, coinciding with the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III guidelines that endorsed low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol blood value goals. Statin treatment recommendations were revised by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) in November 2013 to a "risk-based prescription" approach that did not utilize blood cholesterol values. This increased dosage and expanded the statin-eligible population by an estimated 12.8 million US adults. These changes should further lower total and LDL cholesterol concentrations nationally.
We examined data from 507 752 patients nationally aged ≥16 years whose fasting bloods were sent to Boston Heart Diagnostics for direct LDL-cholesterol measurements. Between 2012 and 2017, age-adjusted concentrations were examined by analysis of covariance and LDL-cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL by logistic regression.
Contrary to expectations, age-adjusted mean LDL-cholesterol concentrations (±SE, mg/dL) increased significantly (P < 10 ) in men (2012:113.8 ± 0.3; 2013:115.3 ± 0.2; 2014:114.7 ± 0.2; 2015:116.0 ± 0.2; 2016:117.6 ± 0.2; and 2017:117.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL) and women (2012:119.5 ± 0.3; 2013:120.7 ± 0.2; 2014:119.8 ± 0.02; 2015:120.8 ± 0.2; 2016:122.7 ± 0.1; and 2017:123.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL). The percentage with LDL-cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL also increased significantly (P < 10 ) in men and women. Similar results were obtained for ages 40 to 75 years olds (corresponding to ACC/AHA guidelines).
These results provide additional evidence that declining blood LDL-cholesterol levels observed following the ATP-III recommendations, did not further decline (actually increased) following the 2013 ACC/AHA recommendations.
在14年期间,美国年龄调整后的高总胆固醇(≥240mg/dL)水平从1999年至2000年的18.3%降至2013年至2014年的11.0%,这与2001年国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组(ATP)-III指南中认可的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇血液值目标相吻合。美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)于2013年11月将他汀类药物治疗建议修订为一种“基于风险的处方”方法,该方法不使用血液胆固醇值。这增加了用药剂量,并使符合使用他汀类药物条件的美国成年人数量估计增加了1280万。这些变化应会在全国范围内进一步降低总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇浓度。
我们研究了全国507752名年龄≥16岁患者的数据,这些患者的空腹血液被送往波士顿心脏诊断公司进行直接LDL胆固醇测量。在2012年至2017年期间,通过协方差分析检查年龄调整后的浓度,并通过逻辑回归分析LDL胆固醇≥160mg/dL的情况。
与预期相反,年龄调整后的男性LDL胆固醇平均浓度(±SE,mg/dL)显著升高(P<0.001)(2012年:113.8±0.3;2013年:115.3±0.2;2014年:114.7±0.2;2015年:116.0±0.2;2016年:117.6±0.2;2017年:117.1±0.2mg/dL),女性也如此(2012年:119.5±0.3;2013年:120.7±0.2;2014年:119.8±0.02;2015年:120.8±0.2;2016年:122.7±0.1;2017年:123.8±0.2mg/dL)。LDL胆固醇≥160mg/dL的男性和女性百分比也显著增加(P<0.001)。40至75岁人群(符合ACC/AHA指南)也得到了类似结果。
这些结果提供了更多证据,表明遵循ATP-III建议后观察到的血液LDL胆固醇水平下降,在2013年ACC/AHA建议后并未进一步下降(实际上有所上升)。