Pfizer, Inc., 500 Arcola Road, E Dock, Office F-3232, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
Department of Microbiology, AGEL Laboratories, Ostrava - Vítkovice, Czech Republic.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019 Jun;17:44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) is a global surveillance programme monitoring the in vitro activity of a panel of antimicrobial agents against clinically important bacterial isolates. Data for Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates collected in Eastern Europe between 2011 and 2016 are presented here.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method using CLSI guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using EUCAST breakpoints.
Nine Eastern European countries submitted 4289 isolates. Among Acinetobacter baumannii, resistance to levofloxacin, amikacin and meropenem was 77.5%, 63.4% and 62.2%, respectively. Multidrug resistance among A. baumannii was higher in 2015 than in previous years (44.1% in 2011 and 71.0% in 2015), decreasing to 51.7% in 2016. The multidrug resistance percentage for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 26.9% and was relatively stable over time. The percentage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 20.1% and 55.7%, respectively. Resistance to amikacin, meropenem and tigecycline was low among E. coli and K. pneumoniae and the ESBL-producing subset (≤5.9%). Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 36.7% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA); percentages varied year-on-year. No S. aureus isolates, including MRSA, were resistant to linezolid, vancomycin or tigecycline. Among Enterococcus faecium isolates, resistance was 22.6% to vancomycin and 2.3% to linezolid; no isolates were resistant to tigecycline.
This study shows low resistance to meropenem and tigecycline among Enterobacteriaceae isolates and continued activity of linezolid, vancomycin and tigecycline against Gram-positive organisms. However, antimicrobial resistance continues to be problematic in Eastern Europe and requires continued surveillance.
替加环素评估和监测试验（T.E.S.T.）是一个全球性监测计划，监测一组抗菌药物对临床重要细菌分离株的体外活性。本文呈现了 2011 年至 2016 年期间在东欧收集的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性分离株的数据。
使用 CLSI 指南通过肉汤微量稀释法确定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。使用 EUCAST 折点评估抗菌药物敏感性。
9 个东欧国家提交了 4289 株分离株。鲍曼不动杆菌对左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和美罗培南的耐药率分别为 77.5%、63.4%和 62.2%。2015 年鲍曼不动杆菌的多药耐药性高于以往年份（2011 年为 44.1%，2015 年为 71.0%），2016 年降至 51.7%。铜绿假单胞菌的多药耐药率为 26.9%，且随时间相对稳定。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的分离株比例分别为 20.1%和 55.7%。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌及其产 ESBL 亚群（≤5.9%）对阿米卡星、美罗培南和替加环素的耐药率较低。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，36.7%为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）；各年百分比有所不同。未发现耐利奈唑胺、万古霉素或替加环素的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌分离株对万古霉素的耐药率为 22.6%，对利奈唑胺的耐药率为 2.3%；未发现对替加环素耐药的分离株。
本研究显示肠杆菌科分离株对美罗培南和替加环素的耐药率较低，且利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替加环素对革兰氏阳性菌仍具有活性。然而，东欧的抗菌药物耐药性仍然是一个问题，需要持续监测。
