Aazh Hashir, Danesh Ali A, Moore Brian C J
Audiology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2019 Oct;30(9):772-780. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.18001. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Parental mental illness is a risk factor for mental health disorders in the offspring. However, the relationship between parental illness in childhood and mental health disorders in adulthood among patients with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis is not known.
The aim was to explore the relationship between parental mental health in childhood and anxiety and depression for patients experiencing tinnitus and/or hyperacusis.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a correlational design.
Two hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients who attended a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Specialist Clinic in the United Kingdom were included. Their average age was 52.5 years.
The association was explored between anxiety and depression measured via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) and the Patient Health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and responses to the question "While you were growing up during the first 18 years of life did your parent(s) have depression or mental illness?"
Thirty-nine percent of patients (111/287) responded "yes" to the question about their parents' mental health, which is about double the incidence in the general population. Regression analysis showed that parental mental illness significantly increased the risk of anxiety and depression, with unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-4.9, p = 0.001) for the PHQ-9 and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.4-4.8, p = 0.002) for the GAD-7. However, when the models were adjusted for the effects of age, gender, tinnitus handicap as measured via the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, hyperacusis handicap as measured via the Hyperacusis questionnaire, uncomfortable loudness levels, GAD-7 scores (for the depression model only), and PHQ-9 scores (for the anxiety model only), parental mental health was only significantly associated with depression, with an OR of 2.7 (95% CI: 1.08-6.7, p = 0.033).
Audiologists offering tinnitus and hyperacusis rehabilitation should screen patients for parental mental illness in childhood, especially for those with comorbid depression, and make onward referral to appropriate mental health services when needed. Future research should analyze the breadth and type of adverse childhood experiences among patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis and their relationship with mental problems and treatment efficacy.
父母的精神疾病是子女心理健康障碍的一个风险因素。然而，耳鸣和/或恐声症患者童年时期父母的疾病与成年后的心理健康障碍之间的关系尚不清楚。
旨在探讨耳鸣和/或恐声症患者童年时期父母的心理健康与焦虑和抑郁之间的关系。
这是一项采用相关性设计的回顾性横断面研究。
纳入了连续287名在英国一家耳鸣和恐声症治疗专科诊所就诊的患者。他们的平均年龄为52.5岁。
通过广泛性焦虑症问卷（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）测量的焦虑和抑郁与对“在您18岁之前成长过程中，您的父母是否患有抑郁症或精神疾病？”这个问题的回答之间的关联进行了探讨。
39%的患者（111/287）对关于其父母心理健康的问题回答“是”，这大约是普通人群发病率的两倍。回归分析表明，父母的精神疾病显著增加了焦虑和抑郁的风险，PHQ-9的未调整比值比（OR）为2.7（95%置信区间[CI]：1.5 - 4.9，p = 0.001），GAD-7的未调整比值比为2.6（95%CI：1.4 - 4.8，p = 0.
