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阐明人工光对食虫蝙蝠群落的生理影响。

Illuminating the physiological implications of artificial light on an insectivorous bat community.

作者信息

Cravens Zachary M, Boyles Justin G

机构信息

Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.

出版信息

Oecologia. 2019 Jan;189(1):69-77. doi: 10.1007/s00442-018-4300-6. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Abstract

Global light pollution threatens to disturb numerous wildlife species, but impacts of artificial light will likely vary among species within a community. Thus, artificial lights may change the environment in such a way as to create winners and losers as some species benefit while others do not. Insectivorous bats are nocturnal and a good model to test for differential effects of light pollution on a single community. We used a physiological technique to address this community-level question by measuring plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate (a blood metabolite) concentrations from six species of insectivorous bats in lit and unlit conditions. We also recorded bat calls acoustically to measure activity levels between experimental conditions. Blood metabolite level and acoustic activity data suggest species-specific changes in foraging around lights. In red bats (Lasiurus borealis), ß-hydroxybutyrate levels at lit sites were highest early in the night before decreasing. Acoustic data indicate pronounced peaks in activity at lit sites early in the night. In red bats on dark nights and in the other species in this community, which seem to avoid lights, ß-hydroxybutyrate remained relatively constant. Our results suggest red bats are more willing to expend energy to actively forage around lights despite potential negative impacts, while other, generally rarer species avoid lit areas. Artificial light appears to have a bifurcating effect on bat communities, whereby some species take advantage of concentrated prey resources, yet most do not. Further, this may concentrate light-intolerant species into limited dark refugia, thereby increasing competition for depauperate, phototactic insect communities.

摘要

全球光污染有可能干扰众多野生动物物种,但人造光对群落内不同物种的影响可能会有所不同。因此,人造光可能会以某种方式改变环境,从而产生赢家和输家,因为一些物种受益而另一些则不然。食虫蝙蝠是夜行性动物,是测试光污染对单个群落的不同影响的良好模型。我们使用一种生理学技术来解决这个群落层面的问题,通过测量在有光和无光条件下六种食虫蝙蝠的血浆β-羟基丁酸(一种血液代谢物)浓度。我们还通过声学记录蝙蝠叫声来测量不同实验条件下的活动水平。血液代谢物水平和声学活动数据表明,蝙蝠在灯光周围觅食存在物种特异性变化。在红蝙蝠(北美棕蝠)中,有光地点的β-羟基丁酸水平在夜间早期最高,随后下降。声学数据表明,夜间早期有光地点的活动有明显峰值。在黑暗夜晚的红蝙蝠以及该群落中其他似乎避开灯光的物种中,β-羟基丁酸水平保持相对稳定。我们的结果表明,尽管可能存在负面影响,但红蝙蝠更愿意消耗能量在灯光周围积极觅食,而其他通常较为稀有的物种则避开有光区域。人造光似乎对蝙蝠群落有分叉效应,即一些物种利用集中的猎物资源,而大多数物种则不然。此外,这可能会将不耐光的物种集中到有限的黑暗避难所,从而加剧对贫乏的趋光性昆虫群落的竞争。

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