Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 1;654:441-451. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.161. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
Forest fires-affected landscapes enhance sudden runoff discharges, high sediment loads and extreme soil erosion rates. Different soil stabilisation treatments, such as mulching, can be applied to avoid runoff and soil erosion after wildfires. To characterise the post-fire soil erosion rates and runoff generation, we selected a Mediterranean forest affected by a wildfire in Lietor (Spain) to determine the sediment yield (dry sediment (DS), total suspended sediment (TSS), total dissolved sediment (TDS)) and runoff discharge in twelve 200 m (10 × 20 m) plots. Immediately after the wildfire, six plots were covered by straw and six other plots were set up as controls. Three months after the wildfire, logging activities were performed and the experimental designs were as follows: mulching + logging (three replicates), non-mulching + logging (three replicates), non-mulching + non-logging (three replicates) and mulching + non-logging (three replicates). During the period after wildfire and before salvage logging, the straw mulch controlled the soil erosion rates (DS, TSS and TDS) versus the non-mulched plots, but straw had no real impact on runoff discharge. For the period after salvage logging, once again runoff did not differ when comparing all the treatments. DS was higher in the non-mulched and non-logging plots, whereas the highest TSS was found in the non-mulched plots (in logged or non-logged plots). TDS was higher in the mulched and non-logged plots. We conclude that straw mulch is efficient management in recent fire-affected mountainous terrains to control soil loss immediately after wildfire. Moreover, logging operations done 3 months after wildfire did not necessary generate higher DS, TSS, TDS rates, mainly because of the type of machinery used for forest operations.
森林火灾影响的景观会增强突发径流量、高泥沙负荷和极端土壤侵蚀率。可以采用不同的土壤稳定化处理方法，如覆盖，以避免野火后的径流和土壤侵蚀。为了描述火灾后的土壤侵蚀率和径流产出，我们选择了西班牙 Lietor 受野火影响的地中海森林，以确定 12 个 200m（10×20m）的泥沙产量（干泥沙（DS）、总悬浮泥沙（TSS）、总溶解泥沙（TDS））和径流排放。野火后立即，六个地块覆盖稻草，另外六个地块作为对照。野火三个月后，进行了伐木作业，实验设计如下：覆盖+伐木（三个重复）、无覆盖+伐木（三个重复）、无覆盖+无伐木（三个重复）和覆盖+无伐木（三个重复）。在野火后和采伐前的期间，秸秆覆盖物控制了土壤侵蚀率（DS、TSS 和 TDS）与未覆盖的地块相比，但秸秆对径流量没有实际影响。对于采伐后的时期，再次比较所有处理时，径流量没有差异。在未覆盖和未伐木的地块中，DS 较高，而在未覆盖的地块中 TSS 最高（在伐木或未伐木的地块中）。在覆盖和未伐木的地块中 TDS 较高。我们得出结论，秸秆覆盖物是近期受火灾影响的山区地形的有效管理措施，可在野火后立即控制土壤流失。此外，野火后 3 个月进行的伐木作业不一定会产生更高的 DS、TSS、TDS 率，主要是因为用于森林作业的机械类型。
