Oral Health, Coordination of Student Assistance, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology, Inhumas, Brazil.
Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Feb;64(2):149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.005. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
To synthesize evidence on the prevalences of stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) for smoking cessation in adolescents and associated factors.
A systematic search of Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (APA) was conducted to identify eligible studies. Two calibrated reviewers selected studies independently, extracted data, and appraised studies. A qualitative synthesis of the findings and meta-analysis of the prevalences of the stages of change for smoking cessation were carried out. A quality effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalences.
Eleven studies (N = 6469 adolescents) from five middle- to high-income countries were included in the review. Precontemplators accounted for 41% of smokers in earlier stages of change (95%CI: 34%-49%). In such a group, a lowered decisional balance, the lowest self-efficacy, and highest nicotine dependence were found (p < .05).
A higher overall prevalence of adolescents in precontemplation stage for smoking cessation was observed. Such group displayed more unfavorable smoking-related behaviors and characteristics than adolescents in other stages. The evidence is limited due to the lack of studies in adolescents living in low-income countries.
综合有关青少年戒烟阶段（跨理论模型）流行率及其相关因素的证据。
系统检索了 Web of Science（汤姆森路透）、SCOPUS（爱思唯尔）、MEDLINE/PubMed、CINAHL（EBSCO）和 PsycINFO（APA），以确定合格的研究。两名经过校准的评审员独立选择研究、提取数据并评估研究。对研究结果进行定性综合和戒烟阶段流行率的荟萃分析。使用质量效应模型来估计汇总流行率。
综述纳入了来自五个中高收入国家的 11 项研究（N=6469 名青少年）。在早期戒烟阶段的不考虑者占吸烟者的 41%（95%CI：34%-49%）。在这样的群体中，发现决策平衡降低、自我效能最低和尼古丁依赖最高（p<0.05）。
观察到青少年在戒烟的不考虑阶段的总体流行率较高。与处于其他阶段的青少年相比，该群体表现出更不利的与吸烟相关的行为和特征。由于缺乏来自低收入国家青少年的研究，证据有限。
