Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada.
Phytopathology. 2019 Apr;109(4):643-649. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-18-0394-R. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by several Fusarium spp., is a worldwide problem that severely impacts cereal grain yield and poses major risks to human and animal health due to production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated forms, 3-acetyl-DON (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON). Recent studies suggest an inconsistent effect of F. graminearum chemotypes and resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. To gain insight into the interaction effects of F. graminearum chemotypes and spring wheat genotypes on FHB resistance response, 10 spring wheat genotypes with varying levels of FHB resistance were inoculated with 10 F. graminearum isolates, consisting of 5 3-ADON- and 5 15-ADON-producing isolates and evaluated in type I (spray inoculation) and type II (point inoculation) resistance assays. Wheat genotypes carrying the resistance allele of the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3BS had lower disease in type II evaluations, regardless of F. graminearum isolate or chemotype. Isolates of F. graminearum were also significantly different for disease aggressiveness. In addition, the 3-ADON-producing isolates were 18% more aggressive than the 15-ADON isolates in type I resistance assays. No difference in aggressiveness of the two chemotypes was observed, when tested in type II resistance assays. There was no interaction effect between F. graminearum chemotypes and spring wheat genotypes, suggesting that screening of germplasm for resistance can be performed with limited number of aggressive isolates.
镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB）由几种镰刀菌引起，是一个全球性问题，严重影响谷物产量，并由于产生真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其乙酰化形式 3-乙酰-DON（3-ADON）和 15-乙酰-DON（15-ADON）而对人类和动物健康构成重大风险。最近的研究表明，禾谷镰刀菌化学型和小麦（Triticum aestivum）基因型的抗性存在不一致的影响。为了深入了解禾谷镰刀菌化学型和春小麦基因型对 FHB 抗性反应的相互作用效应，用 10 个 3-ADON 和 10 个 15-ADON 产生的禾谷镰刀菌分离株接种了 10 个具有不同 FHB 抗性水平的春小麦基因型，并在 I 型（喷雾接种）和 II 型（点接种）抗性测定中进行了评估。携带 3BS 染色体 Fhb1 数量性状位点抗性等位基因的小麦基因型在 II 型评价中病害程度较低，无论禾谷镰刀菌分离株或化学型如何。禾谷镰刀菌分离株在致病力方面也存在显著差异。此外，在 I 型抗性测定中，3-ADON 产生的分离株比 15-ADON 分离株的侵袭性强 18%。在 II 型抗性测定中，两种化学型的侵袭力没有差异。禾谷镰刀菌化学型和春小麦基因型之间没有相互作用效应，这表明可以用有限数量的侵袭性分离株对种质进行抗性筛选。
