Venous thromboembolism risk factors in a pediatric trauma population.

PURPOSE

New guidelines have been proposed for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pediatric trauma patients. This paper seeks to evaluate risk factors associated with VTE that might further guide patient selection for prophylaxis.

METHODS

Review of a tertiary children's academic hospital's trauma database for VTE events and associated risk factors from 2005 to 2016.

RESULTS

15,306 pediatric trauma patients were identified and reviewed. During this time period there were 6191 admissions (40.4%), of which 20 developed a VTE (0.3%) including two pulmonary emboli. Primary outcome was comparison of risk factors for developing a VTE that were identified in the literature. Age stratification revealed the highest incidence of VTE in children under the age of 2 (0.7%), which increased with CVC placement when compared to children aged 2-12 and 13-15 (0.036 Fisher's exact test).

CONCLUSIONS

VTE after pediatric trauma is rare, and may be more uncommon than previously reported. CVC placement was the strongest predictor of VTE, particularly in infant and toddler patients which can explain their higher overall incidence compared to other pediatric age groups. Identifying high-risk patients is important to optimize screening and prophylaxis of VTE in pediatric trauma patients while minimizing risks of anticoagulation.