使用 EDXRF 对不同 Dokha 和水烟烟草制品中的微量元素进行定量分析。

Quantification of Trace Elements in Different Dokha and Shisha Tobacco Products using EDXRF.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

J Anal Toxicol. 2019 May 1;43(4):e7-e22. doi: 10.1093/jat/bky095.

DOI:10.1093/jat/bky095

PMID:30462216

Abstract

The present study aims to quantify trace metals in different dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products available in local markets. Recent research has shown that these products have higher amounts of nicotine and tar compared to various other tobacco products. No specific data are available on the concentration of trace elements in dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Harmful health effects due to the toxicity of these elements in tobacco and its smoke have not been adequately emphasized. Concentrations of trace elements were extensively studied using HORIBA XGT-7200 EDXRF fluorescence absorption spectroscopy. The mean concentrations of aluminum, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, strontium and zinc in 13 dokha products in μg/g were 406.92 ± 41.72, 14703.27 ± 271.73, 11.73 ± 2.12, 25.58 ± 2.63, 753.85 ± 14.87, 5306.54 ± 134.94, 82.31 ± 4.55, 25.58 ± 2.50, 2212.12 ± 39.04, 816.92 ± 15.26 and 35.96 ± 2.63, respectively; and those in the three shisha products in μg/g were 244.83 ± 25.11, 8235.77 ± 144.51, 3.40 ± 0.38, 22.77 ± 4.50, 569.13 ± 10.22, 2096.20 ± 130.69, 72.13 ± 7.13, 27.67 ± 5.31, 4467.50 ± 168.06, 320.20 ± 6.03 and 36.40 ± 3.57, respectively. In our study, the quantified trace metal concentrations in dokha and shisha tobacco using the EDXRF method were ten times higher than the LODs. The percentage of RSD was <10%, validating the precision of the method. Tobacco smoking is a major source of consumption of toxic elements, not only in the smoker but also in non-smokers through passive smoking. In dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products, compared with cigarettes, Ni levels were significantly higher, Cr, Cu and Zn levels were higher, and Fe levels were similar, while Al and Mn levels were lower. The dokha and shisha tobacco products have no filters; many toxic metals can quickly enter the lungs and cause different pulmonary diseases and oral infections. Tobacco smoking causes lung and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases.

摘要

本研究旨在定量分析当地市场上不同 dokha（水烟）和 shisha 烟草产品中的痕量金属。最近的研究表明，与各种其他烟草产品相比，这些产品的尼古丁和焦油含量更高。目前还没有关于中东和北非（MENA）地区 dokha（水烟）和 shisha 烟草产品中痕量元素浓度的具体数据。烟草及其烟雾中这些元素的毒性对健康的有害影响尚未得到充分强调。使用 HORIBA XGT-7200 EDXRF 荧光吸收光谱法广泛研究了痕量元素的浓度。13 种 dokha 产品中铝、钙、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、镍、钾、锶和锌的平均浓度（μg/g）分别为 406.92 ± 41.72、14703.27 ± 271.73、11.73 ± 2.12、25.58 ± 2.63、753.85 ± 14.87、5306.54 ± 134.94、82.31 ± 4.55、25.58 ± 2.50、2212.12 ± 39.04、816.92 ± 15.26 和 35.96 ± 2.63；三种 shisha 产品中的浓度（μg/g）分别为 244.83 ± 25.11、8235.77 ± 144.51、3.40 ± 0.38、22.77 ± 4.50、569.13 ± 10.22、2096.20 ± 130.69、72.13 ± 7.13、27.67 ± 5.31、4467.50 ± 168.06、320.20 ± 6.03 和 36.40 ± 3.57。在我们的研究中，使用 EDXRF 方法定量的 dokha 和 shisha 烟草中的痕量金属浓度是 LODs 的十倍。RSD 的百分比<10%，验证了该方法的精度。吸烟是有毒元素消耗的主要来源，不仅在吸烟者中，而且在通过被动吸烟的非吸烟者中也是如此。在 dokha（水烟）和 shisha 烟草产品中，与香烟相比，Ni 水平显著更高，Cr、Cu 和 Zn 水平更高，Fe 水平相似，而 Al 和 Mn 水平更低。dokha 和 shisha 烟草产品没有过滤器；许多有毒金属可以迅速进入肺部，导致不同的肺部疾病和口腔感染。吸烟会导致肺癌和口腔癌、慢性阻塞性肺病和心血管疾病。