Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 1;49(3):201-209. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyy170.
Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising new option for cancer. It utilizes genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec), a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in 2015 and subsequently approved in Europe in 2016. Other oncolytic viruses using different parental viruses have also been tested in Phase III clinical trials and are ready for drug approval: Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec), an oncolytic vaccinia virus, CG0070, an oncolytic adenovirus, and REOLYSIN (pelareorep), an oncolytic reovirus. In Japan, as of May 2018, several oncolytic viruses have been developed, and some have already proceeded to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy that were conducted or are currently ongoing in Japan, specifically, T-VEC, the abovementioned oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, HF10, a naturally attenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, Telomelysin, an oncolytic adenovirus, Surv.m-CRA, another oncolytic adenovirus, and Sendai virus particle. In the near future, oncolytic virus therapy may become an important and major treatment option for cancer in Japan.
溶瘤病毒治疗是癌症治疗的一种很有前途的新选择。它利用基因工程或天然存在的病毒，这些病毒能够选择性地在癌细胞中复制并杀死癌细胞，而不会伤害正常细胞。T-VEC（talimogene laherparepvec）是第二代溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒 1 型，于 2015 年获得美国食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗不可切除的黑色素瘤，并随后于 2016 年在欧洲获得批准。其他使用不同亲本病毒的溶瘤病毒也已在 III 期临床试验中进行了测试，即将获得批准：Pexa-Vec（pexastimogene devacirepvec），一种溶瘤痘苗病毒；CG0070，一种溶瘤腺病毒；以及 REOLYSIN（pelareorep），一种溶瘤呼肠孤病毒。在日本，截至 2018 年 5 月，已经开发了几种溶瘤病毒，其中一些已经进入临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在日本进行或正在进行的评估溶瘤病毒治疗的临床试验，具体包括 T-VEC、上述溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒 1 型、G47Δ、第三代溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒 1 型、HF10、一种天然减毒的溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒 1 型、Telomelysin、一种溶瘤腺病毒、Surv.m-CRA、另一种溶瘤腺病毒和仙台病毒颗粒。在不久的将来，溶瘤病毒治疗可能成为日本癌症治疗的一个重要和主要治疗选择。
