Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
Neurochem Int. 2019 Jan;122:94-105. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.004. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
The signaling dynamics of the neurotransmitter dopamine has been established to have an important role in a variety of behavioural processes including motor control, cognition, and emotional processing. Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles. This review provides an overview of how these transporter proteins are involved in molecular regulation and function together to govern the dynamics of vesicular release with opposing effects on the quantal size and extracellular concentration of dopamine. These transporter proteins are both focal points of convergence for a variety of regulatory molecular cascades as well as targets for many pharmacological agents. The ratio between these transporters is argued to be useful as a molecular marker for delineating dopamine functional subsystems that may differ in transmitter release patterns.
神经递质多巴胺的信号动态已被确定在多种行为过程中发挥重要作用，包括运动控制、认知和情绪处理。递质释放和多巴胺信号动态的关键调节剂是质膜再摄取转运体（DAT）和囊泡单胺转运体 2（VMAT2）。这些蛋白质分别将多巴胺分子从细胞外和胞质空间中清除，并且都决定了从突触小泡中释放的递质量。这篇综述概述了这些转运蛋白如何参与分子调节，以及它们如何共同作用以调节囊泡释放动力学，对多巴胺的量子大小和细胞外浓度产生相反的影响。这些转运蛋白都是多种调节分子级联的汇聚点，也是许多药理学药物的作用靶点。有人认为，这些转运蛋白之间的比率可作为区分多巴胺功能子系统的分子标志物，这些子系统在递质释放模式上可能存在差异。
