University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Emill-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Emill-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
Plant Sci. 2018 Dec;277:311-321. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
Rootstocks play an important role in the cultivation of grapevines. In addition to the uptake and storage of nutrients, rootstocks and their root system affect the growth and metabolite composition of the berries. Nitrogen can be taken up in various forms, such as nitrate, ammonium or amino acids or even small peptides, and is of considerable importance in vigor control and in yield and berry quality. Amino acids in the must adjust fermentation kinetics, constitute a major source for yeast and affect vine metabolism. In the present study, two different experiments were undertaken; nitrate, ammonium, urea, arginine and glutamine at various doses (0; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 g N/plant) were used to fertilize (i) two hydroponically grown rootstock varieties (Ru140 and SO4) and (ii) grafted grapevines of Vitis vinifera L cv. Regent (rootstock SO4) grown in pots. Accumulation capabilities, generative growth and berry quality were examined. It can be assed that the preferred N form is rootstock-variety-dependent. We demonstrated that grapevines were able to take up nitrogen in the form of amino acids; (arginine to a greater extent than glutamine). Although, growth was reduced, nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity were comparable for nitrate, ammonium and urea nutrition. In terms of berry quality, only minor differences between the N forms applied were identified. An economic optimum in terms of vine and berry quality was detected. Excessive amounts of nitrogen seemed to lead to the increased growth of green plant tissue. Berry yield increased with increasing nitrogen supply but slightly decreased at the highest dosage, whereas quality parameters such as must pH increased and the total acid concentration was reduced.
砧木在葡萄栽培中起着重要作用。除了养分的吸收和储存外，砧木及其根系还会影响浆果的生长和代谢物组成。氮可以以各种形式被吸收，例如硝酸盐、铵或氨基酸，甚至是小肽，在控制活力、产量和浆果品质方面都非常重要。葡萄汁中的氨基酸可以调节发酵动力学，是酵母的主要来源，并影响葡萄藤的新陈代谢。在本研究中，进行了两个不同的实验；用不同剂量（0；0.5；1.0；3.0 g N/株）的硝酸盐、铵、尿素、精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对两种水培砧木品种（Ru140 和 SO4）和（ii）嫁接在盆栽中的 Vitis vinifera L cv. Regent（砧木 SO4）葡萄藤进行施肥。检查了积累能力、生殖生长和浆果品质。可以认为，首选的氮形式取决于砧木品种。我们证明，葡萄藤能够以氨基酸的形式吸收氮；（精氨酸比谷氨酰胺更甚）。尽管生长受到抑制，但硝酸盐、铵和尿素营养的氮含量和硝酸还原酶活性相当。就浆果品质而言，仅确定了所施加氮形式之间的细微差异。检测到了在藤本和浆果品质方面的经济最佳状态。过多的氮似乎会导致绿色植物组织的过度生长。随着氮供应的增加，浆果产量增加，但在最高剂量时略有下降，而酸度等品质参数增加，总酸浓度降低。
