Crespi Chiara, Laureiro-Martínez Daniella, Dodich Alessandra, Cappa Stefano F, Brusoni Stefano, Zollo Maurizio, Falini Andrea, Canessa Nicola
Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
MTEC, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Brain Cogn. 2018 Dec;128:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.004. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Innovative decision-making entails the balance of exploitative and explorative choices, and has been linked to the efficiency of executive functioning, including working-memory and attentional skills, associated with fronto-parietal networks. Based on the notion that such skills can be improved by cognitive training, we assessed whether a cognitive training enhancing basic executive skills might also improve the ability to manage the exploration-exploitation trade-off and its financial consequences, and whether any improvement in training-related performance would be reflected in neurostructural changes within fronto-parietal networks. Eighteen subjects participated in a baseline assessment, a training period and a follow-up measurement, while a matched group of 18 subjects did not undertake the training program. A subgroup of subjects underwent a multimodal MRI study to explore training-related changes in grey-matter volume and white-matter microstructure. After training, increased efficiency of innovative decision-making, related to the improvement of executive control skills, reflected neurostructural changes involving the right fronto-polar cortex and left superior longitudinal fasciculus. The quality of innovative decision-making can be improved by ad-hoc cognitive training procedures focused on executive skills, promoting neurostructural changes in fronto-parietal networks. The manifold implications involve both managerial and rehabilitative settings concerned with the quality of choices in normal and pathological conditions, respectively.
创新性决策需要在利用性选择和探索性选择之间取得平衡，并且与执行功能的效率相关联，执行功能包括与额顶叶网络相关的工作记忆和注意力技能。基于认知训练可以提高这些技能的观点，我们评估了一种增强基本执行技能的认知训练是否也能提高管理探索-利用权衡及其财务后果的能力，以及训练相关表现的任何改善是否会反映在额顶叶网络内的神经结构变化上。18名受试者参与了基线评估、训练期和随访测量，而另一组18名匹配的受试者未参加训练计划。一组受试者接受了多模态MRI研究，以探索与训练相关的灰质体积和白质微观结构变化。训练后，与执行控制技能改善相关的创新性决策效率提高，反映了涉及右侧额极皮层和左侧上纵束的神经结构变化。通过专注于执行技能的特定认知训练程序可以提高创新性决策的质量，促进额顶叶网络的神经结构变化。其多方面的影响分别涉及正常和病理条件下与选择质量相关的管理和康复环境。
