Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 21;18(11):4067. doi: 10.3390/s18114067.
Static load tests of foundation piles are the basic method for the designing or verification of adopted design solutions which concern the foundation of a building structure. Preparation of a typical test station using the so-called inverted beam method is very expensive and labor-intensive. The settlement values of the loaded pile are usually recorded using accurate dial gauges. These gauges are attached to a reference beam located in close proximity to the pile under test, which may cause systematic errors (difficult to detect) caused by the displacement of the adopted reference beam. The application of geodetic methods makes it possible to maintain an independent, external reference system, and to verify the readouts from dial gauges. The article presents an innovative instrumentation for a self-balanced stand for the static load test made from a closed-end, double steel pipe. Instead of typical, precise geometric leveling, the semi-automatic measuring techniques were used: motorized total station measurement and terrestrial laser scanning controlled by a computer. The processing of the acquired data made it possible to determine the vertical displacements of both parts of the examined pile and compare displacements with the results from the dial gauges. On the basis of the excess of the collected observations, it was possible to assess the accuracy, which confirmed the usefulness of measuring techniques under study.
静载试验是基础设计或验证的基本方法，它与建筑物基础有关。使用所谓的倒梁法准备典型的试验台是非常昂贵和劳动密集型的。加载桩的沉降值通常使用精确的千分表记录。这些千分表附在靠近测试桩的参考梁上，这可能会导致由采用的参考梁的位移引起的系统误差（难以检测）。大地测量方法的应用使得能够维持独立的外部参考系统，并验证千分表的读数。本文提出了一种创新的自平衡式静态载荷试验仪器，它由封闭的双钢管制成。该仪器采用了半自动测量技术，而不是典型的精确几何水准测量技术：全站仪测量和计算机控制的地面激光扫描。对采集到的数据进行处理，可以确定被测桩两部分的垂直位移，并将位移与千分表的结果进行比较。基于收集到的观测值的过剩，可以评估准确性，这证实了所研究的测量技术的有用性。
