Indian Ocean Dental College and Hospital, Arsenal, Triolet, Mauritius.
Dental Health Department, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Jan;126:363-367. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.028. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
There is no data available on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesion and candida infection among DM patients which necessitate conducting a local or nation-wide study to assess the oral mucosa lesions and candida prevalent in diabetic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The objective of the present study was to characterize oral mucosa lesions, and the prevalence of yeasts in diabetic patients and their association with the risk factors in comparison with a group of non-diabetic controls.
Study design: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted assuming 50% of the diabetic patients have oral lesions compared to nondiabetic patients and a power of 80% with 5% level of significance, the minimum required sample size was estimated to be 115 in each group. The buccal swabs were collected to isolate Candida species from the individual patient with a current and former history of diabetes. The laboratory findings were collected and the clinical examination of the oral mucosa was processed at the department of microbiology.
The results inferred a significant presence of oral mucosa alterations in the diabetic group. A majority of the patients were suffering from type 2 diabetes for the past 10 years. C. albicans was the predominant yeast, followed by. C. tropicalis and C. krusei nonalbicans species that were most frequently isolated. Diabetes and smoking habit were the two risk factors for oral mucosa alterations.
The study found a significant presence of oral mucosa alterations in the diabetic group and the fungal infection tended to be more in the diabetic group with a high incidence of C. albicans. The presence of diabetes and smoking habit were two risk factors identified as significant for oral mucosa alterations. The significant variation in education level in groups indicates that education would help to enhance the prognosis in diabetic patients and healthcare behavior.
目前尚无关于糖尿病患者口腔黏膜病变和念珠菌感染患病率的数据，因此需要进行局部或全国性研究，以评估沙特阿拉伯利雅得地区糖尿病患者的口腔黏膜病变和念珠菌感染情况。
本研究旨在描述糖尿病患者的口腔黏膜病变特征，以及酵母的流行情况，并将其与非糖尿病对照组进行比较，同时分析其与相关危险因素的关系。
研究设计：采用横断面对比研究设计，假设 50%的糖尿病患者存在口腔病变，而非糖尿病患者则没有，置信度为 80%，显著性水平为 5%，估计每组需要的最小样本量为 115 例。从有或无糖尿病病史的个体中采集颊拭子，以分离出念珠菌属。收集实验室结果，并在微生物学系对口腔黏膜进行临床检查。
结果表明，糖尿病组患者口腔黏膜改变的发生率显著升高。大多数患者患有 2 型糖尿病，且患病时间已超过 10 年。最常见的酵母是白色念珠菌，其次是热带假丝酵母菌和克柔假丝酵母菌。糖尿病和吸烟习惯是口腔黏膜改变的两个危险因素。
本研究发现糖尿病组患者口腔黏膜改变的发生率显著升高，且真菌感染在糖尿病组中更为常见，尤其是白色念珠菌。糖尿病和吸烟习惯是导致口腔黏膜改变的两个重要危险因素。两组间教育水平的显著差异表明，教育有助于改善糖尿病患者的预后和医疗行为。
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