Feeg Veronica, Huang I-Chan, Mannino Jennifer E, Miller Deborah, Kuan Cecilia Hau-Yee
Center for Nursing Research and Evaluation, Barbara H. Hagan School of Nursing, Molloy College, New York, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Nov-Dec;43:77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.08.014. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
The purpose of this study was to refine an instrument to capture the perceived needs of parents whose children are seriously ill. This article describes the psychometric properties of the Parents' Needs Scale (PNS), a translated, revised 22-item short form from an original instrument that was developed and tested on parents of children with cancer in Hong Kong.
The study was done in three stages that included (a) factor analysis of two samples recruited from clinics in Northern Virginia of parents of children with cancer (n = 74) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 30); (b) known groups validity testing with two groups of parents recruited in a parallel study on children with special needs (n = 15) and a control group of well children (n = 23); and (c) concurrent validity testing on the subsample of parents of children with special needs using the known measure of Impact on the Family Scale (IFS). Data collection for the stages included mailed questionnaires and follow-up telephone interviews.
Exploratory factor analysis using the common factor approach identified two domains: (1) needs related to my child's illness and (2) needs unrelated to my child's illness. The factorial structure was followed by item scaling tests to determine item-level convergence and discriminative validity, as well as scale reliability for the two domains (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93 and 0.90). Domain-level discriminant validity tests yielded significant differences on several expected characteristics of the child and/or family based on the literature. The final 22-item scale was reworded and used to establish known groups validity by comparing the two groups of children with acute illnesses from the previous study with two control groups of parents of children who were well or children with special needs but not acutely ill, yielding significant results on both factors (p < 0.001). A final test of concurrent validity was performed on the parents of children with special needs measures of parent need with their reported impact on the family yielding significant correlations on predicted variables.
The PNS can measure parents' needs with demonstrated psychometric validity and reliability.
本研究旨在完善一种工具，以了解身患重病儿童家长的感知需求。本文描述了家长需求量表（PNS）的心理测量特性，该量表是从香港针对癌症患儿家长开发并测试的原始工具翻译修订而来的22项简版量表。
该研究分三个阶段进行，包括：（a）对从弗吉尼亚州北部诊所招募的两组家长进行因子分析，一组是癌症患儿家长（n = 74），另一组是终末期肾病（ESRD）患儿家长（n = 30）；（b）在一项关于特殊需求儿童的平行研究中招募两组家长（n = 15）以及一组健康儿童家长作为对照组（n = 23），进行已知群体效度测试；（c）使用已知的家庭影响量表（IFS）对特殊需求儿童家长子样本进行同时效度测试。各阶段的数据收集包括邮寄问卷和后续电话访谈。
采用共同因子法进行探索性因子分析确定了两个领域：（1）与孩子疾病相关的需求；（2）与孩子疾病无关的需求。因子结构之后进行了项目量表测试，以确定项目层面的收敛效度和区分效度，以及两个领域的量表信度（克朗巴哈系数分别为0.93和0.90）。领域层面的区分效度测试在基于文献的几个孩子和/或家庭的预期特征上产生了显著差异。最终的22项量表经过重新措辞，并通过将前一项研究中的两组急性病患儿家长与两组健康儿童家长或有特殊需求但非急性病患儿家长的对照组进行比较，来确定已知群体效度，在两个因素上均产生了显著结果（p < 0.001）。对特殊需求儿童家长进行了最后一项同时效度测试，即家长需求测量与他们报告的对家庭的影响之间的相关性，在预测变量上产生了显著相关性。
PNS能够测量家长的需求，具有已证明的心理测量效度和信度。
