Chow Julie Chi, Ouyang Chen-Sen, Chiang Ching-Tai, Yang Rei-Cheng, Wu Rong-Ching, Wu Hui-Chuan, Lin Lung-Chang
Department Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Taiwan.
Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
Brain Dev. 2019 Apr;41(4):334-340. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.11.006. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder. Diagnosis of ADHD is based on core symptoms or checklists; however, practitioner subjectivity inevitably results in instances of over- or under-diagnosis. Although an elevated theta/beta ratio (TBR) of the electroencephalography (EEG) band has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a factor that may be used in diagnosis of ADHD, several studies have reported no significant differences between the TBR of patients with ADHD and controls.
In this study, a method was developed based on Hjorth Mobility (M) analysis of EEG to compare patients with ADHD and controls.
Differences in the presentations of ADHD between boys and girls are well established; therefore, separate investigations are required. The present study enrolled 30 girls with ADHD and 30 age-matched controls.
The results revealed that the control group had significantly higher Hjorth M values in most brain areas in EEG readings compared with the values for the ADHD group. Compared with TBR, our method revealed a greater number of more significant differences between the girls in the ADHD group and the controls. Moreover, our method can produce the higher average sensitivity (0.796), average specificity (0.796), average accuracy (0.792), and average area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value (0.885). Therefore, compared with TBR, Hjorth M possessed the better potential for differentiating between girls with ADHD and controls.
The proposed method was more accurate than the TBR in diagnosing ADHD. Therefore, Hjorth M may be a promising tool for differentiating between children with ADHD and controls.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的儿童神经精神疾病。ADHD的诊断基于核心症状或检查表；然而，医生的主观性不可避免地导致过度诊断或诊断不足的情况。尽管脑电图（EEG）频段的θ/β比值（TBR）升高已被美国食品药品监督管理局批准为可用于ADHD诊断的一个因素，但多项研究报告称ADHD患者与对照组的TBR之间无显著差异。
本研究基于EEG的 Hjorth 活动度（M）分析开发了一种方法，以比较ADHD患者与对照组。
男孩和女孩ADHD表现的差异已得到充分证实；因此，需要分别进行研究。本研究纳入了30名患有ADHD的女孩和30名年龄匹配的对照组。
结果显示，与ADHD组相比，对照组在EEG读数的大多数脑区中Hjorth M值显著更高。与TBR相比，我们的方法揭示了ADHD组女孩与对照组之间更多更显著的差异。此外，我们的方法能够产生更高的平均灵敏度（0.796）、平均特异性（0.796）、平均准确率（0.792）以及平均受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）值（0.885）。因此，与TBR相比，Hjorth M在区分患有ADHD的女孩与对照组方面具有更好的潜力。
所提出的方法在诊断ADHD方面比TBR更准确。因此，Hjorth M可能是区分ADHD儿童与对照组的一种有前景的工具。
