Agyeman-Yeboah Joana, Korsah Kwadwo Ameyaw
International Maritime hospital, Tema, Ghana.
2School of Nursing, University of Ghana, P. Box LG43, Legon, Ghana.
BMC Nurs. 2018 Nov 13;17:45. doi: 10.1186/s12912-018-0315-x. eCollection 2018.
Registered nurses in Ghana are trained to plan the care that they provide to their patients in a systematic and organized manner. This scientific approach to care is known as the nursing process. There is evidence that the nursing process is not being practised by professional nurses in Ghana, as expected. This research seeks to explore what informs nursing interventions in the clinical area.
A qualitative study was conducted with ten registered nurses; and this was descriptive in nature. One-on-one interviews were conducted with the research participants, as a means of collecting the data. A semi-structured interview guide was used as the data-collecting tool. The collected data were analysed by using latent-content analysis. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis.
It was found that registered nurses did not plan their nursing care. The care that the nurses provided was based on routine nursing care and doctors' orders, both verbal and non-verbal; or written communication were the means whereby the care was provided; and that was communicated among the nurses.
Registered nurses are taught the nursing process; and they are expected to implement the acquired knowledge in the clinical area. The failure of nurses to practise the expected standard of care results in their relying on the decision of other health-care professionals, such as doctors. This makes registered nurses appear to be assistants to doctors. We, therefore, conclude that nurse leaders must supervise nurses to put into practice what they were taught during their training; so that they can have professional autonomy in their practice as nurses. It is also suggested that nurses must show evidence of using the nursing process in their daily work by the use of the nursing care-plan form.
加纳的注册护士接受过培训，要以系统、有条理的方式规划他们为患者提供的护理。这种科学的护理方法被称为护理程序。有证据表明，加纳的专业护士并未如预期那样践行护理程序。本研究旨在探索临床领域护理干预的依据是什么。
对十名注册护士进行了一项定性研究；该研究本质上是描述性的。通过与研究参与者进行一对一访谈来收集数据。使用半结构化访谈指南作为数据收集工具。采用潜在内容分析法对收集到的数据进行分析。数据分析得出了三个主要主题。
发现注册护士并未规划他们的护理工作。护士提供的护理基于常规护理和医生的口头及非口头医嘱；或者书面沟通是提供护理的方式；并且护理在护士之间进行传达。
注册护士学习了护理程序；并且期望他们在临床领域应用所学知识。护士未能践行预期的护理标准导致他们依赖其他医疗保健专业人员（如医生）的决定。这使得注册护士看起来像是医生的助手。因此，我们得出结论，护士领导者必须监督护士将培训期间所学内容付诸实践；以便他们在护士执业中能够拥有专业自主权。还建议护士必须通过使用护理计划表格在日常工作中展示运用护理程序的证据。
