School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
Center for Automotive Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 23;18(12):4103. doi: 10.3390/s18124103.
A hydraulic torque converter (HTC) is a key component in an automatic transmission. To monitor its operating status and to detect and locate faults, and considering the high-efficiency fault detection and identification (FDI) scheme design by the methodology of structural analysis (SA), this paper presents an SA-based FDI system design and validation for the HTC. By the technique of fault mode and effect analysis (FMEA), eight critical faults are obtained, and then two fault variables are chosen to delegate them. Fault detectability and isolability, coupled with different sensor placements, are analyzed, and as a result, two speed sensors and two torque sensors of pump and turbine are selected to realize the maximal fault detectability and fault isolability: all six faults are detectable, four faults are uniquely isolable, and two faults are isolated from the other faults, but not from each other. Then five minimal structurally overdetermined (MSO) sets are easily acquired by SA to generate five corresponding residuals. The proposed FDI scheme of the HTC by SA is first validated by a theoretical model, then by an offline experiment in a commercial SUV, and the testing results indicate a consistent conclusion with the simulations and theory analysis.
液力变矩器（Hydraulic Torque Converter，HTC）是自动变速器的关键部件。为了监测其运行状态，检测和定位故障，考虑到基于结构分析（Structural Analysis，SA）方法的高效故障检测与识别（Fault Detection and Identification，FDI）方案设计，本文提出了一种基于 SA 的 HTC 的 FDI 系统设计和验证。通过故障模式与影响分析（Failure Mode and Effect Analysis，FMEA）技术，得到了 8 个关键故障，然后选择了两个故障变量来代表它们。分析了故障可检测性和可隔离性，以及不同传感器的布置情况，结果选择了两个速度传感器和两个泵和涡轮的扭矩传感器来实现最大的故障可检测性和故障可隔离性：所有 6 个故障都是可检测的，4 个故障是唯一可隔离的，2 个故障可与其他故障隔离，但不能相互隔离。然后通过 SA 很容易获得五个最小结构过度确定（Minimally Structurally Overdetermined，MSO）集，以生成五个相应的残差。通过理论模型、商用 SUV 的离线实验对基于 SA 的 HTC 的 FDI 方案进行了验证，测试结果与模拟和理论分析一致。
