1 Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
2 Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019 Apr;26(6):578-588. doi: 10.1177/2047487318815320. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Exposure to airborne particulate matter has been consistently associated with early death and increased morbidity, particularly raising the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity, one of the leading cardiovascular disease risk factors, increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of particulate matter exposure. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 has been related to a large number of cardiovascular risk factors, e.g. atherogenic lipoproteins, arterial stiffness and platelet activation. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating, in a series of obese individuals, the effects of particulate matter less than 10 µm in diameter (PM) on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 circulating levels.
In 500 obese subjects, participating in the cross-sectional Susceptibility to Particle Health Effects, miRNAs and Exosomes (SPHERE) study, we evaluated the effects of long- and short-term PM exposure on circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels. In the studied individuals (body mass index: 33.3 ± 5.2 kg/m) with an annual average PM exposure of 40.12 ± 4.71 µg/m, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels were 248.7 ± 78.6 ng/mL. In univariate analysis, PM exposure (annual average) was associated with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels (β=1.83, standard error = 0.75, p = 0.014). Interestingly, in a multivariable linear regression model, this association was observed only for carriers of lower concentrations of interferon-γ, whereas it was lost in the presence of higher interferon-γ levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels were positively associated with the Framingham Risk Score, which was raised by 15.8% for each 100 ng/ml rise of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.
In obese individuals, more sensitive to the damaging effects of environmental air pollution, PM exposure positively associates with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 plasma levels especially in those with low levels of interferon-γ.
空气中的颗粒物暴露与早逝和发病率增加密切相关，特别是增加了心血管疾病的风险。肥胖是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一，会增加对颗粒物暴露的不良反应的易感性。脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 与许多心血管危险因素有关，例如致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白、动脉僵硬和血小板激活。因此，本研究旨在评估在一系列肥胖个体中，直径小于 10 µm 的颗粒物 (PM) 对脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 循环水平的影响。
在参与横断面易感性研究（Susceptibility to Particle Health Effects，miRNAs and Exosomes，SPHERE）的 500 名肥胖个体中，我们评估了长短期 PM 暴露对循环脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 水平的影响。在研究个体（体重指数：33.3 ± 5.2 kg/m）中，每年平均 PM 暴露量为 40.12 ± 4.71 µg/m，脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 水平为 248.7 ± 78.6 ng/mL。在单变量分析中，PM 暴露（年平均值）与脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 水平相关（β=1.83，标准误差=0.75，p=0.014）。有趣的是，在多变量线性回归模型中，这种相关性仅在干扰素-γ浓度较低的个体中观察到，而在干扰素-γ水平较高的个体中则消失。脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 水平与 Framingham 风险评分呈正相关，每增加 100 ng/ml 脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9，风险评分升高 15.8%。
在对环境空气污染的破坏性影响更为敏感的肥胖个体中，PM 暴露与脯氨酸转化酶枯草溶菌素/克酶 9 血浆水平呈正相关，尤其是在干扰素-γ水平较低的个体中。
