Drmić Z, Čačija M, Virić Gašparić H, Lemić D, Bažok R
Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Bull Entomol Res. 2019 Aug;109(4):518-527. doi: 10.1017/S000748531800086X. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
The sugar beet weevil (SBW), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar, 1824, is a significant pest in most of Eastern Europe. Here, the SBW is described and its seasonal activity characterized, in terms of its different developmental stages in relation to Julian days (JDs), degree-day accumulations (DDAs), and precipitation, as a key to improving monitoring and forecasting of the pest. The phenology and population characteristics of SBW were investigated in sugar beet fields in eastern Croatia over a 4-year period (2012-2015). By using the degree-day model (lower development threshold of 5°C, no upper development threshold, biofix 1 January), the first emergence of overwintering adults was determined as becoming established when the DDA reached 20. The adult emergence was completed when the DDA reached 428. SBW males emerged first, following which the females dominated the adult population. Overwintering adults were present in the field until early July. In August, adults of the offspring generation began to appear. The eggs laid by the overwintering generation required, on average, 10-15 days to develop into larvae; however, eggs were found in soil samples over a period of 102 days (between JDs 112 and 214). Larvae were present in the soil samples over a period of a maximum of 143 days (the first larvae were established on JD 122 and the last one on JD 265), and pupae were established in the soil over a period of 102 days (between JDs 143 and 245). This study provides important data for understanding SBW population dynamics and developing potential population dynamic models for pest forecasting on a regional scale.
糖用甜菜象甲（SBW），即1824年的Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar，是东欧大部分地区的一种重要害虫。本文描述了SBW，并根据其与儒略日（JDs）、度日积累（DDAs）和降水量相关的不同发育阶段，对其季节性活动进行了特征描述，这是改进该害虫监测和预测的关键。在克罗地亚东部的甜菜田进行了为期4年（2012 - 2015年）的SBW物候和种群特征研究。通过使用度日模型（发育下限温度为5°C，无发育上限温度，生物固定点为1月1日），确定当DDAs达到20时越冬成虫首次出现并开始定殖。当DDAs达到428时成虫羽化完成。SBW雄性先羽化，随后雌性在成虫种群中占主导地位。越冬成虫在田间一直存在到7月初。8月，后代成虫开始出现。越冬代产下的卵平均需要10 - 15天发育成幼虫；然而，在102天（儒略日112至214之间）的时间段内在土壤样本中都能发现卵。幼虫在土壤样本中的存在时间最长为143天（第一批幼虫在儒略日122时定殖，最后一批在儒略日265时定殖），蛹在土壤中的定殖时间为102天（儒略日143至245之间）。本研究为理解SBW种群动态以及开发区域尺度害虫预测的潜在种群动态模型提供了重要数据。
