Henry J P, Ninio M
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Oct 11;504(1):40-59. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90005-1.
Calcium ions can trigger an emission of light from Veretillum cynomorium lumisomes (bioluminescent vesicles) under conditions where they are not lysed. This process does not require a metabolically-linked source of energy, but is dependent upon the nature of the ions present inside and outside the vesicles. The Ca2+-triggered bioluminescence is stimulated by an asymmetrical distribution of cations or anions. Either high internal sodium or high external chloride is required for the maximal effect. When sodium is present outside the structure and potassium inside, the slow inward diffusion of calcium is decreased. Unbalanced diffusion of internal cations also stimulates the bioluminescence, suggesting control of the calcium influx by an electrochemical gradient. It is assumed that rapid outward diffusion of sodium or inward diffusion of chloride generates an electrical potential difference (inside negative) which drives the Ca2+-influx. With purified lumisomes it has been shown that Ca2+-triggered bioluminescence and calcium uptake (presumably net uptake) were correlated. In two instances uptake of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium has given direct evidence for the existence of a potential difference. With NaCl-loaded vesicles, it has not been possible to demonstrate an uptake of lipophilic cations but experiments with 22Na and 42D indicated a higher rate of sodium efflux, in accord with the proposed hypothesis.
在不发生裂解的条件下，钙离子可触发来自刺参发光小体（生物发光囊泡）的光发射。该过程不需要代谢相关的能量来源，但取决于囊泡内外存在的离子的性质。Ca2+触发的生物发光受到阳离子或阴离子不对称分布的刺激。最大效应需要高内部钠或高外部氯。当钠存在于结构外部而钾存在于内部时，钙的缓慢内向扩散会减少。内部阳离子的不平衡扩散也会刺激生物发光，这表明通过电化学梯度控制钙内流。据推测，钠的快速外向扩散或氯的内向扩散会产生电位差（内部为负），从而驱动Ca2+内流。使用纯化的发光小体已表明，Ca2+触发的生物发光与钙摄取（大概是净摄取）相关。在两个实例中，亲脂性阳离子二苄基二甲基铵的摄取为电位差的存在提供了直接证据。对于加载NaCl的囊泡，无法证明亲脂性阳离子的摄取，但用22Na和42D进行的实验表明钠外流速率较高，这与提出的假设一致。
