四溴双酚 A 双(2,3-二溴丙基)醚(TBBPA-BDBPE)在大鼠和人体皮肤中的分布。
Dermal disposition of Tetrabromobisphenol A Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-BDBPE) using rat and human skin.
机构信息
NCI Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, 111 T W Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709 USA.
Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
出版信息
Toxicol Lett. 2019 Feb;301:108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
Tetrabromobisphenol A Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-BDBPE) is a high production volume brominated flame retardant (BFR) used in consumer products, resulting in ubiquitous human exposure. Although the major route of exposure for this chemical is believed to be via ingestion, dermal contact is likely via contaminated dust. Independent trials of a single dose of 100 nmol/cm (∼1 μCi [C]/cm) of [C]-radiolabeled TBBPA-BDBPE was applied to whole rat skin (in vivo) or split-thickness human and rat skin (ex vivo) to estimate in vivo human percutaneous uptake. [C]-radioactivity was quantified to determine dermal absorption (dose retained in dosed skin) and penetrance (dose recovered in receptor fluid [ex vivo] or tissues/excreta [in vivo]) over 24 h. In vivo absorption and penetration for rat skin was 26% and 1%, with a maximum flux of 44 ± 9 pmol/cm/h. In ex vivo rat skin, absorption and penetration and absorption values were 23% and 0.3% (flux = 26 ± 8 pmol/cm/h). In ex vivo human skin, 53% was absorbed and penetration was 0.2% with a maximal flux of 16 ± 12 pmol/cm/h. Computed maximal flux for in vivo human skin was 21 ± 9 pmol/cm/h with expected total absorption of ∼80% and a penetration of <1%. HPLC-radiometric analyses of samples showed that TBBPA-BDBPE was not metabolized in ex vivo or in vivo studies. These studies indicate that TBBPA-BDBPE is likely to be dermally bioavailable even after washing and dermal contact with this chemical should be considered an important route of exposure.
四溴双酚 A 双(2,3-二溴丙基)醚(TBBPA-BDBPE)是一种高产量溴化阻燃剂(BFR),用于消费产品,导致普遍的人类接触。尽管这种化学物质的主要暴露途径被认为是通过摄入,但皮肤接触可能是通过污染的灰尘。对 100nmol/cm(约 1μCi[C]/cm)的 [C]放射性标记 TBBPA-BDBPE 的单一剂量的独立试验,应用于整个大鼠皮肤(体内)或人及大鼠的表皮(离体),以估计体内人类经皮吸收。[C]放射性被量化以确定皮肤吸收(剂量保留在给药皮肤中)和穿透(剂量回收在受体液[离体]或组织/排泄物[体内]中)在 24 小时内。大鼠皮肤的体内吸收和穿透率分别为 26%和 1%,最大通量为 44±9pmol/cm/h。在离体大鼠皮肤中,吸收和穿透率分别为 23%和 0.3%(通量为 26±8pmol/cm/h)。离体人皮肤中,53%被吸收,穿透率为 0.2%,最大通量为 16±12pmol/cm/h。体内人皮肤的计算最大通量为 21±9pmol/cm/h,预期总吸收率约为 80%,穿透率<1%。离体和体内研究中,HPLC-放射性分析表明 TBBPA-BDBPE 未发生代谢。这些研究表明,TBBPA-BDBPE 即使在洗涤后也可能具有经皮生物利用度,并且应该考虑与这种化学物质的皮肤接触是一种重要的暴露途径。