Lolis Athena M, Falsone Susan, Beric Aleksandar
Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Department of Athletic Training, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;158:401-419. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63954-7.00038-0.
Peripheral nerve injuries are unusual in sport but impact an athlete's safe return to play. Nerve injuries result from either acute trauma (most commonly in contact/collision sports) or from repetitive microtrauma and overuse. Diagnosis of overuse nerve injuries includes nerve localization and surrounding soft-tissue anatomy, and must account for possible causes of repetitive microtrauma, including biomechanics, equipment, training schedule, and recovery. Prognosis is related to the type of nerve injury. Management should not simply be rest and gradual return to sport but should address biomechanical and training predispositions to injury. Understanding the type of injury and the tissues involved will guide appropriate rehabilitation decisions. Recognizing acute care considerations and implementing appropriate strategies can help minimize secondary trauma to an area following acute injury.
周围神经损伤在体育运动中并不常见，但会影响运动员安全重返赛场。神经损伤要么由急性创伤引起（最常见于接触性/碰撞性运动），要么由重复性微创伤和过度使用导致。过度使用性神经损伤的诊断包括神经定位和周围软组织解剖结构，并且必须考虑重复性微创伤的可能原因，包括生物力学、装备、训练计划和恢复情况。预后与神经损伤的类型有关。管理措施不应仅仅是休息和逐渐恢复运动，而应解决导致损伤的生物力学和训练方面的易患因素。了解损伤类型和所涉及的组织将有助于指导做出适当的康复决策。认识到急性护理的注意事项并实施适当的策略有助于将急性损伤后该区域的继发性创伤降至最低。
