Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and.
Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3393-3403. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020198.
Therapeutic options for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting, have expanded significantly in recent times. However, this comes at the cost of toxicities: medical as well as financial. We highlight some of the unique toxicities associated with the novel agents to apprise our readers about what to expect, how to recognize them, and how to manage these toxicities. One of the toxicities seen with inotuzumab, a CD22 antibody drug conjugate, is sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which can be fatal in >80% of patients if associated with multiorgan failure. Blinatumomab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD19, is associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, both of which require prompt recognition and management primarily with corticosteroids. CRS and neurotoxicity are more common and more severe with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T). The fact that CAR-T cannot be discontinued on demand adds a layer of complexity to the management of related toxicities of this therapy. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor blocker, is used to treat severe CRS from CAR-T, whereas corticosteroids remain the mainstay for neurotoxicity management. Although effective, these drugs carry a high price tag, and we review the available data on cost-effectiveness of these agents, keeping in mind that median follow-up on most of these studies is limited and that long-term data on durability of response remain to be seen.
近年来,急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗选择,尤其是在复发/难治性疾病背景下,已经显著扩大。然而,这是以毒性为代价的:既有医学上的,也有经济上的。我们强调了一些与新型药物相关的独特毒性,以使读者了解可能会出现哪些毒性,如何识别这些毒性,以及如何管理这些毒性。依妥珠单抗(一种 CD22 抗体药物偶联物)的一种毒性是窦状隙阻塞综合征,如果伴有多器官衰竭,其死亡率超过 80%。blinatumomab 是一种针对 CD19 的单克隆抗体,与细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)和神经毒性相关,两者都需要迅速识别和管理,主要使用皮质类固醇。嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法(CAR-T)会导致更常见和更严重的 CRS 和神经毒性。CAR-T 不能按需停药,这给这种疗法相关毒性的管理增加了一层复杂性。托珠单抗(一种白细胞介素 6 受体阻滞剂)用于治疗来自 CAR-T 的严重 CRS,而皮质类固醇仍然是神经毒性管理的主要药物。虽然这些药物有效,但它们的价格很高,我们回顾了这些药物的成本效益的可用数据,同时考虑到这些研究的中位随访时间有限,并且关于这些药物长期疗效的持久性的数据仍然有待观察。
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