Cone-beam computed tomography and anatomical observations of normal variants in the mandible: variant dentists should recognize.

Many types of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have recently been developed and are being used in many dental clinics. CBCT has significantly changed imaging diagnosis in dentistry by showing detailed structures in multiple dimensions with high spatial resolution. This allows dentists to confirm what cannot be recognized with conventional two-dimensional images, such as small neurovascular canals, the buccolingual location of structures/lesions, and the three-dimensional shapes of hard tissue structures. The aim of this study was to review the normal variants of detailed anatomical structures in relation with the mandibular canal by comparing the previous reports and anatomical evaluations. These structures are likely to be observed on CBCT images by dental practitioners prior to dental procedures involving the mandibular teeth and bone. Understanding the relationship of these structures is useful for dental practitioners and oral surgeons to reduce the possibility of causing damage and patient discomfort during dental procedures.