Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes (LTEVDI), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria.
Department of Technology, University of Skikda, Skikda, Algeria.
Environ Technol. 2020 Jun;41(15):2003-2012. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1554005. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Process intensification through the combined use of electrodialysis (ED) and ion-exchange resin (IER) hybrid process, called continuous electropermutation (CEP), was employed to remove Ni(II) cations from water. To carry out this process, Amberjet 1200 H cation-exchange resin was introduced into the feed compartment of the ED cell. The applied electrical field improves the mobility of species and ensures a continuous resin activation which is a main drawback in IER process. Furthermore, the IER incorporated in the ED cell enhances the conductivity of the feed water, therefore it extends the range of ED which could be applied for the recovery of ions from very low concentration wastewaters. The effects of some factors such as the type of regenerating electrolyte, current density, quantity of resin incorporated in the conducting space and concentration of Ni(II) at the inlet were investigated. The efficiency of CEP and ED for Ni(II) removal was expressed in terms of recovery rate and concentration factor. In CEP process, recovery rates of 99% were found with a 40 ppm Ni(II) concentration and an applied current density of 2 mA.cm resulting in an outlet Ni(II) concentration lower than 1 ppm, against 73.69% in conventional ED. Moreover, in CEP Ni(II) cation was recovered in receiver compartment more than the feed solution with concentration factor more than 10 against 0.39 in ED. On the other hand, the voltage of ED cell was found to increase due to the lower conductivity in the feed compartment compared with that of CEP. In CEP, the highest concentration factor was found at an applied current density of 2.7 mA.cm which reached 41.26. Finally, with increasing Ni(II) feed inlet concentration, there was a trade-off between obtaining a high Ni(II) concentration in the receiver compartment and a low Ni(II) concentration at the outlet of feed compartment.
通过电渗析（ED）和离子交换树脂（IER）联合使用的过程强化，即连续电渗析（CEP），被用于从水中去除 Ni(II)阳离子。为了进行这个过程， Amberjet 1200 H 阳离子交换树脂被引入到 ED 电池的进料室中。所施加的电场提高了物质的迁移率，并确保了连续的树脂活化，这是 IER 过程中的一个主要缺点。此外，嵌入在 ED 电池中的 IER 提高了进料水的导电性，因此它扩展了 ED 的应用范围，可以从非常低浓度的废水中回收离子。研究了一些因素的影响，如再生电解质的类型、电流密度、嵌入导电空间的树脂量以及入口处 Ni(II)的浓度。CEP 和 ED 对 Ni(II)去除的效率用回收率和浓缩因子来表示。在 CEP 过程中，当 Ni(II)浓度为 40 ppm，施加电流密度为 2 mA.cm 时，回收率为 99%，出口 Ni(II)浓度低于 1 ppm，而传统 ED 的回收率为 73.69%。此外，在 CEP 中，Ni(II)阳离子在接收室中的回收量超过了进料溶液中的回收量，浓缩因子超过了 10，而在 ED 中则为 0.39。另一方面，与 CEP 相比，ED 电池的电压由于进料室中较低的电导率而增加。在 CEP 中，当施加电流密度为 2.7 mA.cm 时，浓缩因子最高，达到 41.26。最后，随着进料入口 Ni(II)浓度的增加，在获得接收室中高浓度的 Ni(II)和进料室出口低浓度的 Ni(II)之间存在权衡。
