Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO 65711.
Plant Dis. 2019 Mar;103(3):571-577. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-18-1073-RE. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) is associated with a vein-clearing and vine-decline disease. In this study, we surveyed wild Ampelopsis cordata from the Vitaceae family and found that 31% (35 of 113) of native A. cordata plants are infected with GVCV. The full-length genome sequence of one GVCV isolate from A. cordata shared 99.8% identical nucleotides with an isolate from a nearby cultivated 'Chardonel' grapevine, suggesting the occurrence of an insect vector. To identify a vector, we collected Aphis illinoisensis (common name: grape aphids) from wild A. cordata plants and detected GVCV in the aphid populations. We found that A. illinoisensis is capable of transmitting GVCV from infected A. cordata to Chardonel grapevines in the greenhouse. Upon transmission, GVCV caused severe symptoms on the infected Chardonel 45 days post transmission. We conclude that wild GVCV isolates from A. cordata are capable of inducing a severe disease on cultivated grapevines once they spread from native A. cordata to vineyards via grape aphids. The discovery of a natural reservoir and an insect vector of GVCV provides timely knowledge for disease management in vineyards and critical clues on viral evolution and epidemiology.
葡萄茎沟病毒（GVCV）与一种清脉和葡萄衰退病有关。在这项研究中，我们对野生葡萄科蛇葡萄属植物进行了调查，发现 31%（113 株中的 35 株）的本地蛇葡萄属植物感染了 GVCV。从蛇葡萄属植物中分离到的一株 GVCV 分离株的全长基因组序列与附近栽培的“霞多丽”葡萄中的分离株有 99.8%相同的核苷酸，表明存在昆虫介体。为了鉴定介体，我们从野生蛇葡萄属植物上采集了烟粉虱（俗称：葡萄蚜虫），并在蚜虫种群中检测到了 GVCV。我们发现，烟粉虱能够将 GVCV 从受感染的蛇葡萄属植物传播到温室中的霞多丽葡萄藤上。在传播后，感染的霞多丽葡萄藤在 45 天后出现了严重的症状。我们得出结论，一旦野生 GVCV 从本地蛇葡萄属植物传播到葡萄园，通过葡萄蚜虫传播，就会对栽培葡萄藤造成严重的疾病。发现 GVCV 的天然宿主和昆虫介体为葡萄园的疾病管理提供了及时的知识，并为病毒进化和流行病学提供了关键线索。
