Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland.
University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Clin Nurs. 2019 Apr;28(7-8):1336-1345. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14723. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
To report the development, testing and validation of an instrument to assess the stressors experienced by student nurses during their older adult clinical placements.
The world's population of older adults is accelerating rapidly, with associated increased healthcare demands and a growing need for skilled nursing staff. However, this sector fails to attract adequate numbers of nursing graduates which is leading to a significant gap between nursing supply and demand. Older adult care is considered to be less attractive than other specialties and accompanied by more sources of stress.
A quantitative design was used.
Data were collected from a cohort of Irish student nurses (n = 242) completing older adult clinical placements as part of their undergraduate degree. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the instrument's underlying latent structure. Discriminant validity was investigated using a confirmatory factor analysis model with covariates. STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed reporting of this paper's research.
Factor analyses identified two factors relating to "Knowledge and Workload" and "Resources," which were assessed by nine and six items, respectively. Discriminant validity analyses found a significant relationship between age and the workload and knowledge factor, and between year of programme and the resources factor. The new instrument was labelled the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale.
The SNS-15 contained some overlap with stressors from extant general student nurse stress instruments and a number of unique stressors encountered in older adult care. Future research directions are discussed.
The SNS-15 may assist stakeholders in nurse education and practice with the development of undergraduate degree programmes and clinical placements, and ultimately, in improving patient care and student retention.
报告一种评估护生在老年临床实习期间所经历压力源的工具的开发、测试和验证。
全球老年人口增长迅速，随之而来的是医疗保健需求的增加和对熟练护理人员的需求不断增长。然而，该领域未能吸引足够数量的护理专业毕业生，导致护理供应和需求之间存在显著差距。老年护理被认为不如其他专业有吸引力，而且伴随着更多的压力源。
使用了定量设计。
数据来自一组正在完成老年临床实习的爱尔兰护生（n=242），作为其本科课程的一部分。探索性和验证性因子分析检查了该工具的潜在潜在结构。使用带有协变量的验证性因子分析模型研究了判别有效性。STROBE 横断面研究指南为本文的研究报告提供了指导。
因子分析确定了与“知识和工作量”和“资源”相关的两个因素，分别由 9 个和 6 个项目评估。判别有效性分析发现年龄与工作量和知识因素之间存在显著关系，以及年级与资源因素之间存在显著关系。新工具被命名为护生压力源-15 量表（SNS-15）。
SNS-15 与现有的一般护生压力量表中的压力源有一些重叠，也包含了在老年护理中遇到的一些独特压力源。讨论了未来的研究方向。
SNS-15 可能有助于护理教育和实践的利益相关者开发本科课程和临床实习，最终改善患者护理和学生保留率。
