Ohashi Shinpei
Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology), Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611 Japan. National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8633, Japan..
Zootaxa. 2018 Nov 15;4521(4):499-538. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.2.
Osteological and myological characters of the ophidiid Hypopleuron caninum are described here in detail. In addition to well-known characters of Ophidiidae (e.g., anal-fin origin well posterior to dorsal-fin origin; barbel-like pelvic fin; many scales), many unique or rare conditions were also recognized, including predorsal bone and maxilla condition, and canine teeth on the premaxilla, which were suggestive of a relationship with Carapidae. Furthermore, the predorsal bone appear to be homologous with the vexillar support, a carapid synapomorphy. Although several characters differ from carapid counterparts (e.g., more anterior anal-fin origin and scales absent in Carapidae), some intermediate conditions between Ophidiidae and Carapidae are apparent in Hypopleuron caninum, which may therefore occupy an intermediate phylogenetic position between the two families. A unique morphology of small second infraorbital bone is recognized in all ophidiiform species observed in this study, and it may be a synapomorphic character of the order Ophidiiformes.
本文详细描述了犬牙潜鱼（Hypopleuron caninum）的骨骼学和肌肉学特征。除了潜鱼科的一些已知特征（如臀鳍起点远在背鳍起点之后；具须状的腹鳍；鳞片众多）外，还识别出许多独特或罕见的情况，包括背前骨和上颌的状况，以及前颌骨上的犬齿，这些都表明它与潜鱼科有亲缘关系。此外，背前骨似乎与旗状支撑结构同源，这是潜鱼科的一个共衍征。尽管有几个特征与潜鱼科的对应特征不同（如臀鳍起点更靠前，潜鱼科没有鳞片），但犬牙潜鱼身上明显存在一些潜鱼科和潜鱼科之间的中间状态，因此它可能在这两个科之间占据一个中间的系统发育位置。在本研究中观察到的所有潜鱼形目物种中，都识别出了小型第二眶下骨的独特形态，它可能是潜鱼形目的一个共衍征。
