Cullen J W
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-3100.
Cancer. 1988 Oct 15;62(8 Suppl):1851-64. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19881015)62:1+<1851::aid-cncr2820621329>3.0.co;2-t.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has increased its emphasis in cancer prevention by undertaking a number of human intervention trials. Special emphasis is placed on chemoprevention, diet, and smoking and tobacco use. Some 24 clinical trials are ongoing in chemoprevention to assess the role of specific chemicals (natural and synthetic) in preventing, inhibiting, or reversing carcinogenesis. In diet and nutrition, several macronutrient trials are underway. The most significant of these is examining the relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer. In 1982, the NCI initiated a broad intervention research effort in smoking and tobacco use which has resulted in 46 prevention and clinical trials covering 25 states and more than 200 cities. More recently, a North American community-based intervention trial was begun to test cessation strategies for heavy smokers in 22 different sites. All of these intervention research efforts are testing strategies which later can be applied to large target population thereby supporting NCI's ambitious goal to reduce cancer mortality in this nation 50% by the year 2000.
美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）通过开展多项人体干预试验，加大了对癌症预防的重视力度。特别强调化学预防、饮食以及吸烟与烟草使用。目前约有24项化学预防临床试验正在进行，以评估特定化学物质（天然和合成的）在预防、抑制或逆转致癌过程中的作用。在饮食与营养方面，多项常量营养素试验正在开展。其中最重要的一项是研究膳食脂肪与乳腺癌之间的关系。1982年，NCI启动了一项关于吸烟与烟草使用的广泛干预研究工作，已产生46项预防和临床试验，覆盖25个州及200多个城市。最近，一项基于北美社区的干预试验在22个不同地点展开，以测试重度吸烟者的戒烟策略。所有这些干预研究工作都在测试一些策略，这些策略日后可应用于大量目标人群，从而支持NCI在2000年前将美国癌症死亡率降低50%这一宏伟目标。
