Health Informatics Postgraduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Human Movement Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Appl Ergon. 2019 Jan;74:41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.009. Epub 2018 Aug 15.
This study tested whether adverse effects of state anxiety on attention and performance may be modulated by experience. Sixteen experienced and eleven inexperienced drivers drove in a simulator under low- and high-stress conditions. Anxiety was manipulated by competition, the presence of an evaluator, external video camera, and traffic noise. Most drivers showed greater anxiety scores and higher mean heart rates following manipulation. In both groups increased state anxiety decreased car speed control and caused more collisions, accompanied by fewer fixations of longer duration towards the driving lane across a horizontally narrower region. Inexperienced drivers increased the number of short fixations towards cars, while experienced drivers increased the number of short fixations on the speedometer. Although anxiety impairs processing efficiency and performance effectiveness for both groups, attentional changes differ as a function of experience. Inexperienced drivers tended to shift attention to threatening stimuli, while experienced drives were more likely to consciously monitor task goal.
本研究旨在测试状态焦虑对注意和表现的负面影响是否可以通过经验来调节。16 名有经验的司机和 11 名无经验的司机在模拟器中分别在低压力和高压力条件下进行驾驶。通过竞争、评估者的存在、外部摄像头和交通噪音来操纵焦虑。大多数司机在操纵后表现出更高的焦虑评分和更高的平均心率。在两个组中，增加的状态焦虑会降低汽车速度控制，并导致更多的碰撞，同时在更窄的水平区域内对驾驶车道的注视次数减少，注视时间更长。无经验的司机增加了对汽车的短注视次数，而有经验的司机增加了对速度计的短注视次数。尽管焦虑会降低两组司机的处理效率和绩效效果，但注意力的变化因经验而异。无经验的司机往往会将注意力转移到威胁性刺激上，而有经验的司机更有可能有意识地监控任务目标。
