Weinstein N D
Department of Human Ecology, Cook College, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903.
Health Psychol. 1988;7(4):355-86. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.7.4.355.
This article presents a critique of current models of preventive behavior. It discusses a variety of factors that are usually overlooked-including the appearance of costs and benefits over time, the role of cues to action, the problem of competing life demands, and the ways that actual decision behavior differs from the rational ideal implicit in expectancy-value and utility theories. Such considerations suggest that the adoption of new precautions should be viewed as a dynamic process with many determinants. The framework of a model that is able to accommodate these additional factors is described. This alternative model portrays the precaution adoption process as an orderly sequence of qualitatively different cognitive stages. Data illustrating a few of the suggestions made in the article are presented, and implications for prevention programs are discussed.
本文对当前的预防行为模型进行了批判。它讨论了各种通常被忽视的因素，包括成本和收益随时间的显现、行动线索的作用、生活中相互竞争的需求问题，以及实际决策行为与期望价值理论和效用理论中隐含的理性理想的不同之处。这些考虑表明，采取新的预防措施应被视为一个有许多决定因素的动态过程。文中描述了一个能够容纳这些额外因素的模型框架。这个替代模型将预防措施的采用过程描绘为一系列性质不同的认知阶段的有序序列。文中给出了说明本文所提一些建议的数据，并讨论了其对预防项目的启示。
