Utilization of extracts of Musa paradisica (banana) peels and Dolichos lablab (Indian bean) seeds as low-cost natural coagulants for turbidity removal from water.

In this study, aqueous extracts of Musa paradisica (banana) peels and Dolichos lablab (Indian beans) seeds were prepared and tested as natural coagulants for turbidity removal from simulated turbid water. Effects of extraction time (15, 30, and 45 min), dosage (0.2 to 1.0 mL/L), and water pH on turbidity removals by the natural coagulants were evaluated. In both cases, the extraction time of 45 min for the preparation of aqueous extract and dosage of 0.6 mL/L gave the best results in terms of turbidity removal. Natural coagulants from M. paradisica peels powder could efficiently remove turbidity (> 83%) at all tested pH values (3.0 to 12.0) with maximum turbidity removal of 98.14% at pH 11. In the case of D. lablab seeds, low turbidity removal (71-74%) was observed at pH between 5.0 and 9.0. The maximum turbidity removal (98.84%) was obtained at pH 11. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the settled flocs revealed that more compact flocs formed using M. paradisica peels extract than those developed using D. lablab seeds extract. The chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the extracts revealed that polymeric substances (carbohydrate and proteins) having functional groups -OH, C-N, C-C, -COOH, and N-H might be responsible for the coagulation activity. The zeta potential measurements of natural coagulants revealed that the possible coagulation mechanism would be adsorption and bridging between particles. This study demonstrated the potential use of aqueous extracts of M. paradisica peels and D. lablab seeds as low-cost natural coagulants for turbidity removal.