Hage Maria Cristina Ferrarini Nunes Soares, Sousa Rejane Dos Santos, Chaves Davi Siqueira, Hage Raduan, Costa de Oliveira Francisco Leonardo, Borges Dias Mailson Renan, Sato Minami Natalia, Mazeto Ercolin Anna Carolina, Fortes Cirimbelli Carolina, Lippi Ortolani Enrico
Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine Clinic, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2019 Mar;48(2):110-116. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12416. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
The purpose of this work was to determine a radiographic standard of normality for lateral and medial ungulae in 3-year-old bovine females of the Nellore breed. Twenty-six cows underwent radiographic exposure of the medial and lateral ungulae of the hindlimbs and forelimbs; abaxioaxial projections were used. The images were analyzed; distances were measured between the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx and the surface of the hoof capsule. The two angles formed, i.e., an angle between the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx and a line parallel to the sole (inner), and an angle between the dorsal surface of the hoof and a line parallel to the sole (outer), were also recorded. The results suggested a standard of normality for the proximal, middle and distal distances of the ungulae of the forelimbs: 0.96 ± 0.12 cm. For the measurement of hindlimbs, except for the distal distances of the side ungulae, the suggested value was 1.02 ± 0.14 cm; for the distal measurement of the lateral ungulae of the hindlimbs, the value was 1.09 ± 0.12 cm. For inner and outer angles, the values were 36.45° ± 4.4° for the medial ungulae of the forelimbs and 42.50° ± 3.8° for other ungulae of the forelimbs and hindlimbs (standard deviations of the values suggested for the angles should be used as variations between different animals, limbs and ungulae; they should not be used between angles of the same ungula).
本研究的目的是确定内洛尔品种3岁雌性牛内侧和外侧蹄的X线正常标准。26头母牛接受了后肢和前肢内侧及外侧蹄的X线照射；采用轴外投照。对图像进行分析；测量远端指骨背侧表面与蹄匣表面之间的距离。还记录了形成的两个角度，即远端指骨背侧表面与平行于足底（内侧）的线之间的角度，以及蹄背侧表面与平行于足底（外侧）的线之间的角度。结果表明，前肢蹄近端、中部和远端距离的正常标准为：0.96±0.12厘米。对于后肢测量，除侧蹄的远端距离外，建议值为1.02±0.14厘米；对于后肢外侧蹄的远端测量，值为1.09±0.12厘米。对于内侧和外侧角度，前肢内侧蹄的值为36.45°±4.4°，前肢和后肢其他蹄的值为42.50°±3.8°（建议角度值的标准差应用作不同动物、肢体和蹄之间的变化；不应在同一蹄的角度之间使用）。
