Davydova E K
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, U.S.S.R. Academy Science, Moscow.
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1988 Jul-Sep;23(3):95-101. doi: 10.1007/BF02701281.
Analysis of the available data and that of the author disclosed the peculiarities of motor reaction when used as a conditioned stimulus. The author's data showed that if signal value is attributed to a motor reaction (passive movement or movement evoked by the direct stimulation of the motor cortex), the changes of excitability in the motor cortex representation of the dog's leg depend on the biological sign of the reinforcing stimulus during classic conditioning. They also remained the same during instrumental conditioning and were opposite in sign, showed increased excitability in the food situation, and decreased excitability in the defense situation. Using the movement as a conditional stimulus, we managed to uncover the commonality between classic and instrumental conditioning. This enabled us to answer questions, discussed by Pavlov and Guthrie, which, it seems to us, had not been convincingly answered during their time.
对现有数据以及作者的数据进行分析后，揭示了将运动反应用作条件刺激时的特点。作者的数据表明，如果将信号价值赋予运动反应（被动运动或通过直接刺激运动皮层诱发的运动），在经典条件反射过程中，狗腿部运动皮层表征中的兴奋性变化取决于强化刺激的生物学信号。在工具性条件反射过程中，这些变化也保持不变，且符号相反，在食物情境中兴奋性增加，在防御情境中兴奋性降低。将运动作为条件刺激，我们成功揭示了经典条件反射和工具性条件反射之间的共性。这使我们能够回答巴甫洛夫和古斯里所讨论的问题，在我们看来，这些问题在他们那个时代并未得到令人信服的解答。
