Smith Roger
J Hist Behav Sci. 2019 Jan;55(1):5-20. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.21943. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Contemporary Russian sensory physiology and psychology uses the notion of a "dark sense," referring to the background of bodily sensation, especially of the position and movement of the body. The physiologist Ivan Sechenov introduced this language in the 1860s in the context of arguing for a physiological basis for scientific psychology. The muscular sense (the term preceding modern notions of kinaesthesia and proprioception) thereafter featured in the many talks and journal articles he presented to spread scientific enlightenment. The paper describes the history and significance of this. It does so in the light of Soviet representations of Sechenov as a scientist who substantially contributed to the Leninist materialist-realist theory of knowledge. These representations assessed Sechenov's discussions as a breakthrough in world science to the understanding of the human organism as a self-regulating material system. It is necessary to understand the purposes and pressures driving Soviet historiography. The paper confirms the historical importance the sense of movement has had in realist theories of knowledge of the world; and it contributes a previously unknown chapter to the history of psychology.
当代俄罗斯的感觉生理学和心理学使用“暗感觉”这一概念，它指的是身体感觉的背景，尤其是身体的位置和运动感觉。生理学家伊万·谢切诺夫在19世纪60年代引入了这种说法，当时他正在为科学心理学寻找生理基础。此后，肌肉感觉（这一术语早于现代的动觉和本体感觉概念）出现在他为传播科学知识而发表的众多演讲和期刊文章中。本文描述了这一概念的历史和意义。本文是根据苏联对谢切诺夫的描述来进行阐述的，在苏联的描述中，谢切诺夫是一位对列宁主义唯物主义-现实主义知识理论做出了重大贡献的科学家。这些描述认为谢切诺夫的论述是世界科学在理解人类有机体作为一个自我调节的物质系统方面的一项突破。有必要了解推动苏联史学发展的目的和压力。本文证实了运动感觉在现实主义世界知识理论中所具有的历史重要性；并且它为心理学史增添了此前不为人知的一章。
