University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research programme, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland.
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research programme, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland; Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe), Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus 7.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Environ Res. 2019 Feb;169:357-361. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.030. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a potent neurotoxin, has been demonstrated in various food webs. It is alarming as this intensification of BMAA will result in exposure to higher concentrations from a direct cyanobacterial source. As more food items are being identified as a source of BMAA and with the large variations in BMAA content, the aim of the present study was to evaluate BMAA uptake by, and accumulation in, two commonly consumed vegetables, Lactuca sativa and Allium fistulosum. Plants exposed to pure BMAA in controlled laboratory experiments, as well as vegetables naturally irrigated with water containing a BMAA producing cyanobacterial bloom were evaluated during growth and ripening. In the laboratory exposures, free BMAA was detected in both the edible ripe parts of L. sativa and A. fistulosum after 60 days of exposure to a total of 4.5 µg BMAA. However, in the bloom exposure samples no BMAA could be detected in the ripe vegetables of A. fistulosum, Cucurbita pepo, or Brassica rapa chinensis. The study emphasises the need to further screen items for BMAA to understand the human exposure risk as well as the difference between BMAA uptake patterns with free BMAA and that contained in cyanobacterial cells.
β-N-甲基氨基-L-丙氨酸（BMAA）是一种强效神经毒素，已在各种食物网中证明具有生物蓄积和生物放大作用。令人担忧的是，这种 BMAA 的浓缩将导致直接来自蓝藻的更高浓度的暴露。随着越来越多的食物被确定为 BMAA 的来源，且 BMAA 含量存在较大差异，本研究旨在评估两种常见食用蔬菜，即生菜（Lactuca sativa）和葱（Allium fistulosum）对 BMAA 的吸收和积累。在受控实验室实验中，植物暴露于纯 BMAA 下，以及在生长和成熟过程中用含有产生 BMAA 的蓝藻水自然灌溉的蔬菜，都进行了评估。在实验室暴露中，在总共暴露于 4.5 µg BMAA 60 天后，生菜和葱的可食用成熟部分中均检测到游离 BMAA。然而，在水华暴露样品中，在葱、南瓜（Cucurbita pepo）或中国白菜（Brassica rapa chinensis）的成熟蔬菜中均无法检测到 BMAA。该研究强调需要进一步筛选 BMAA 项目，以了解人类暴露风险，以及游离 BMAA 和蓝藻细胞中 BMAA 摄取模式的差异。
