Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
Food Safety Division, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Campus Univ. 16, 36310, Vigo PO, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Feb 15;232:564-573. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.077. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
The performance of several MF and UF ceramic membranes that filter the seawater surrounding mussel rafts is studied for preventive detection of toxic episodes. The modified fouling index applied to UF membranes (MFI-UF) is used to compare fouling rates and membrane fouling levels. The reduction of several quality parameters such as turbidity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chlorophyll content is explained by the higher quality of the UF rather than the MF permeates. Membrane rejection rates of Pb and okadaic acid, the main toxin that provokes toxic episodes due to bloom-forming algae, are measured under different pH and pressures. Measurements are taken particularly at filtration times before and after the formation of stable caking on the membrane surface. The results indicated that trace concentrations of heavy ions were mainly rejected by the membrane charge, until the saturation point was reached, and that no rejections occurred when the pH was lower than the isoelectric point of the membranes. However, most of the okadaic acid was rejected due to the formation of cake on the membrane surface. The rejection of okadaic acid depended on the membrane pore size and transmembrane pressure, yielding negative rejections under specific filtration conditions.
研究了几种过滤贻贝筏周围海水的 MF 和 UF 陶瓷膜的性能，以进行毒性事件的预防性检测。应用于 UF 膜的改进污染指数 (MFI-UF) 用于比较污染速率和膜污染程度。UF 而不是 MF 渗透物的更高质量解释了浊度、碱度、化学需氧量 (COD) 和叶绿素含量等几个质量参数的降低。在不同的 pH 值和压力下测量了 UF 膜对 Pb 和冈田酸（由于藻类大量繁殖而引发毒性事件的主要毒素）的截留率。在膜表面形成稳定结垢之前和之后的过滤时间进行了测量。结果表明，痕量浓度的重金属离子主要通过膜电荷进行截留，直到达到饱和点，当 pH 值低于膜的等电点时，不会发生截留。然而，由于在膜表面形成了滤饼，大部分冈田酸被截留。冈田酸的截留取决于膜孔尺寸和跨膜压力，在特定的过滤条件下产生负截留。
