Zhang Xuemin, Zhou Jian, Zou Xin, Wang Zhongyu, Chu Yunchen, Wang Sanfan
Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Utilization in Cold and Drought Region, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, No. 88, Anning West Road, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Urban and Rural Planning Bureau of Mudanjiang, No. 41, Wusuli Road, Mudanjiang 157000, China.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Dec 4;11(12):2465. doi: 10.3390/ma11122465.
Ion exchange membranes are used in practically every industry; however, most of them have defects such as low permeability and poor oxidation resistance. In this paper, cation-exchange membranes were prepared with poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blended with nano-SiO₂, nano-Al₂O₃ and nano-ZnO. Sulfonic acid groups were injected into the membrane prepared by styrene grafting and sulfonation. The methods used for characterizing the prepared membranes were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements. Membrane performance, such as the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake (WU), transport number, membrane permselectivity, membrane resistance, functional groups, and morphology were also evaluated. The hydrophilia, IEC, and permselectivity of cation-exchange membranes depended on the nanoparticle content of the membrane matrix. High transport property values were obtained, which increased with increasing nano-SiO₂/Al₂O₃/ZnO weight fractions. Finally, the cation-exchange membranes prepared with 1.5% nano-SiO₂, 2.0% nano-Al₂O₃ or 2.0% nano-ZnO all exhibited excellent membrane properties, including membrane permselectivity (PVDF/2% ZnO-g-PSSA membranes, 94.9%), IEC (PVDF/2% Al₂O₃-g-PSSA membranes, 2.735 mmol·g), and oxidation resistance (PVDF/1.5% SiO₂-g-PSSA membranes, 2.33%). They can be used to separate applications in a variety of different areas, such as water treatment, electro-driven separation, heavy metal smelting, or other electrochemical processes.
离子交换膜几乎应用于每个行业；然而，它们中的大多数都存在诸如渗透性低和抗氧化性差等缺陷。在本文中，用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）与纳米SiO₂、纳米Al₂O₃和纳米ZnO共混制备了阳离子交换膜。通过苯乙烯接枝和磺化将磺酸基团引入所制备的膜中。用于表征所制备膜的方法有傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学测量。还评估了膜性能，如离子交换容量（IEC）、吸水率（WU）、迁移数、膜选择透过性、膜电阻、官能团和形态。阳离子交换膜的亲水性、IEC和选择透过性取决于膜基质的纳米颗粒含量。获得了较高的传输性能值，其随着纳米SiO₂/Al₂O₃/ZnO重量分数的增加而增加。最后，用1.5%纳米SiO₂、2.0%纳米Al₂O₃或2.0%纳米ZnO制备的阳离子交换膜均表现出优异的膜性能，包括膜选择透过性（PVDF/2%ZnO-g-PSSA膜，94.9%）、IEC（PVDF/2%Al₂O₃-g-PSSA膜，2.735 mmol·g）和抗氧化性（PVDF/1.5%SiO₂-g-PSSA膜，2.33%）。它们可用于各种不同领域的分离应用，如水处理、电驱动分离、重金属冶炼或其他电化学过程。
