神经行为机制的威胁泛化调节了儿童期虐待与成年早期精神病理学之间的关系。
Neurobehavioural mechanisms of threat generalization moderate the link between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in emerging adulthood.
机构信息
From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (Lange, Goossens, Bakker, Michielse, Leibold, Marcelis, van Os, van Amelsvoort, Schruers); Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (van Winkel); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA (Lissek); Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Marcelis); Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (Wichers); Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, London, UK (van Os); Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Os); Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Schruers).
出版信息
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2019 May 1;44(3):185-194. doi: 10.1503/jpn.180053.
BACKGROUND
Childhood maltreatment is a transdiagnostic risk factor for later psychopathology and has been associated with altered brain circuitry involved in the processing of threat and safety. Examining threat generalization mechanisms in young adults with childhood maltreatment and psychiatric symptoms may elucidate a pathway linking early-life adversities to the presence of subclinical psychopathology.
METHODS
We recruited youth aged 16–25 years with subclinical psychiatric symptomatology and healthy controls. They were dichotomized into 2 groups: 1 with a high level of childhood maltreatment (n = 58) and 1 with no or a low level of childhood maltreatment (n = 55). Participants underwent a functional MRI threat generalization paradigm, measuring self-reported fear, expectancy of an unconditioned stimulus (US) and neural responses.
RESULTS
We observed interactions between childhood maltreatment and threat generalization indices on subclinical symptom load. In individuals reporting high levels of childhood maltreatment, enhanced generalization in self-reported fear and US expectancy was related to higher levels of psychopathology. Imaging results revealed that in the group with high levels of childhood maltreatment, lower activation in the left hippocampus during threat generalization was associated with a higher symptom load. Associations between threat generalization and psychopathology were nonsignificant overall in the group with no or low levels of childhood maltreatment.
LIMITATIONS
The data were acquired in a cross-sectional manner, precluding definitive insight into the causality of childhood maltreatment, threat generalization and psychopathology.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that threat generalization mechanisms may moderate the link between childhood maltreatment and subclinical psychopathology during emerging adulthood. Threat generalization could represent a vulnerability factor for developing later psychopathology in individuals being exposed to childhood maltreatment.
背景
儿童期虐待是一种跨诊断风险因素，与涉及威胁和安全处理的大脑回路改变有关。在有儿童期虐待和精神症状的年轻成年人中检查威胁泛化机制，可能阐明将早期生活逆境与亚临床精神病理学联系起来的途径。
方法
我们招募了有亚临床精神症状的 16-25 岁青少年和健康对照组。他们被分为两组：一组有高水平的儿童期虐待（n = 58），一组没有或低水平的儿童期虐待（n = 55）。参与者接受了功能磁共振威胁泛化范式的测试，测量自我报告的恐惧、对非条件刺激（US）的预期和神经反应。
结果
我们观察到儿童期虐待和威胁泛化指数与亚临床症状负荷之间的相互作用。在报告高水平儿童期虐待的个体中，自我报告的恐惧和 US 预期的增强泛化与更高水平的精神病理学有关。成像结果显示，在有高水平儿童期虐待的组中，威胁泛化期间左海马体的激活降低与更高的症状负荷有关。在没有或低水平儿童期虐待的组中，威胁泛化与精神病理学之间的关联总体上无统计学意义。
局限性
数据是在横断面方式下获得的，无法明确了解儿童期虐待、威胁泛化和精神病理学之间的因果关系。
结论
我们的结果表明，威胁泛化机制可能在成年早期调节儿童期虐待和亚临床精神病理学之间的联系。在暴露于儿童期虐待的个体中，威胁泛化可能是发展后期精神病理学的脆弱因素。
Zotero 插件