Department of Science Education , National Taipei University of Education , Taipei 106 , Taiwan.
School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Jan 9;11(1):311-319. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b18253. Epub 2018 Dec 26.
Titanium dioxide nanomaterials have good capability to prevent human cells from damage under UV irradiation. However, some studies indicated that the nanoscale of titanium dioxide could potentially cause harmful effects such as free radical generation under UV irradiation and thereby accelerate the progress of cell aging. Fullerenes can scavenge large amounts of free radicals due to the fact that fullerenes contain enormous amount of π electrons with low lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, but its adverse properties, such as the poor solubility in water, restricted the applicability. In this study, we employed water-soluble carboxylic acid fullerenes (C-COOH and C-COOH) as the free radical scavenger and modify onto the surface of titanium dioxide by refluxed esterification (P25/C-COOH or C-COOH) technique. The conformation and properties of these nanomaterials were characterized by techniques and equipment such as X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We also introduced methylene blue and rhodamine B as indicators to evaluate and demonstrate the scavenging capacity of these nanomaterials. Moreover, we examined the biocompatibility and UV protection capacity of our P25/fullerene composites in human 293T cells, and applied luciferase activity assay to investigate the possible underlying cell protection mechanisms exhibited by these nanomaterials. Our data indicate that both P25/C-COOH and P25/C-COOH could protect human cells against UV exposure. P25/C-COOH exhibits great anti-inflammation capacity, whereas P25/C-COOH exhibits great anti-oxidative stress and anti-DNA damage capacity. Our results suggest that most of our P25/fullerene composite materials have the ability to reduce free radicals and exhibit high biomedical potential in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-aging applications.
二氧化钛纳米材料具有在紫外光照射下防止人类细胞受损的良好能力。然而，一些研究表明，纳米二氧化钛的纳米尺度可能会在紫外光照射下产生潜在的有害影响，如自由基的产生，从而加速细胞衰老的进程。富勒烯由于其具有大量的低占据分子轨道的π电子，因此能够清除大量的自由基，但由于其不良性质，如在水中的溶解度差，限制了其适用性。在本研究中，我们采用水溶性羧酸富勒烯（C-COOH 和 C-COOH）作为自由基清除剂，并通过回流酯化（P25/C-COOH 或 C-COOH）技术将其修饰在二氧化钛表面。通过 X 射线衍射、能谱分析、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、高分辨率透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱等技术和设备对这些纳米材料的结构和性能进行了表征。我们还引入亚甲基蓝和罗丹明 B 作为指示剂来评估和证明这些纳米材料的清除能力。此外，我们还研究了我们的 P25/富勒烯复合材料在人 293T 细胞中的生物相容性和 UV 保护能力，并应用荧光素酶活性测定法来研究这些纳米材料可能具有的潜在细胞保护机制。我们的数据表明，P25/C-COOH 和 P25/C-COOH 都可以保护人类细胞免受 UV 照射。P25/C-COOH 具有很强的抗炎能力，而 P25/C-COOH 则具有很强的抗氧化应激和抗 DNA 损伤能力。我们的结果表明，我们的大多数 P25/富勒烯复合材料具有减少自由基的能力，并在抗炎、抗氧化和抗衰老应用中具有很高的生物医学潜力。
