Nunome Mitsuo, Kinoshita Keiji, Ishishita Satoshi, Ohmori Yasushige, Murai Atsushi, Matsuda Yoichi
Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
Exp Anim. 2019 May 8;68(2):177-193. doi: 10.1538/expanim.18-0139. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
The genetic characteristics and diversity of 21 experimental chicken lines registered with the National BioResource Project of Japan were examined using mitochondrial D-loop sequences and 54 microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 12 haplotypes were detected in the 500-bp mitochondrial DNA sequences of the hypervariable segment I for 349 individuals of 21 lines. The 12 haplotypes belonged to three (A, D, and E) haplogroups, out of the eight (A‒H) common haplogroups in domestic chickens and red junglefowls. The haplogroups A and D were widely represented in indigenous chickens in the Asian and Pacific regions, and the haplogroup E was the most prevalent in domestic chickens. Genetic clustering by discriminant analysis of principal components with microsatellite markers divided 681 individuals of 21 lines into three groups that consisted of Fayoumi-, European-, and Asian- derived lines. In each of the cladograms constructed with Nei's genetic distances based on allele frequencies and the membership coefficients provided by STRUCTURE and with the genetic distance based on the proportion of shared alleles, the genetic relationships coincided well with the breeding histories of the lines. Microsatellite markers showed remarkably lower genetic heterozygosities (less than 0.1 observed heterozygosity) for eight lines (GSP, GSN/1, YL, PNP, BM-C, WL-G, BL-E, and #413), which have been maintained as closed colonies for more than 40 years (except for #413), indicating their usefulness as experimental chicken lines in laboratory animal science research.
利用线粒体D-loop序列和54个微卫星DNA标记，对日本国家生物资源项目注册的21个实验鸡品系的遗传特征和多样性进行了检测。在21个品系的349只个体的高变区I的500bp线粒体DNA序列中，共检测到12种单倍型。这12种单倍型属于家鸡和红原鸡8种（A-H）常见单倍群中的3种（A、D和E）。单倍群A和D在亚洲和太平洋地区的本土鸡中广泛存在，单倍群E在家鸡中最为普遍。利用微卫星标记进行主成分判别分析的遗传聚类将21个品系的681只个体分为三组，分别由法尤米系、欧洲系和亚洲系衍生而来。在基于等位基因频率的Nei氏遗传距离构建的系统发育树中，以及基于STRUCTURE提供的隶属系数构建的系统发育树中，以及基于共享等位基因比例的遗传距离构建的系统发育树中，遗传关系与品系的育种历史非常吻合。微卫星标记显示，8个品系（GSP、GSN/1、YL、PNP、BM-C、WL-G、BL-E和#413）的遗传杂合度显著较低（观察到的杂合度小于0.1），这些品系作为封闭群体已维持了40多年（#413除外），表明它们在实验动物科学研究中作为实验鸡品系的有用性。
