Department for Crop Sciences, Division Quality of Plant Products, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Apr;99(6):3149-3156. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9530. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
Potato disorders lead to a significant reduction in the yield and quality of marketable tubers. Thumbnail cracks are physiological tuber skin disorders that can significantly affect the tuber's appearance and, hence, the overall quality. The aim of this study was to characterize fracture properties of the tuber skin. Knowledge of the physiological reasons that influence the resistance of potato tubers to mechanical impacts and thus to cracking and fracturing is limited. Tuber dry matter (DM) and starch content were found to correlate with the rheological properties of tubers, which, in turn, could affect the resistance of the tubers to cracking and fracturing. Moreover, divalent cations, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and their distribution in the tuber can affect the tuber's resistance to mechanical impacts via cell-wall stabilizing properties.
Tubers with higher DM, starch, and Ca concentrations exhibited the highest resistance to mechanical impacts.
The reason for the increased resistance of tubers with higher DM and starch concentrations to mechanical impacts is assumed to be related to a certain cell structure of these tubers, which is why considerable force is needed to damage the cell structures. The relation between higher Ca concentrations and an improved resistance of tubers to mechanical impacts is assumed to be connected with the role of Ca in linking cell-wall polymers and thus stabilizing the cell wall. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
马铃薯病害会导致可销售块茎的产量和质量显著下降。 thumbnail cracks 是生理性块茎皮病，会显著影响块茎的外观，从而影响整体质量。本研究的目的是表征块茎皮的断裂特性。人们对影响马铃薯块茎对机械冲击的抗性从而影响开裂和断裂的生理原因的了解有限。发现块茎干物质 (DM) 和淀粉含量与块茎的流变特性相关，而块茎的流变特性又会影响块茎对开裂和断裂的抗性。此外，二价阳离子，如钙 (Ca) 和镁 (Mg) 及其在块茎中的分布，可通过细胞壁稳定特性影响块茎对机械冲击的抗性。
DM、淀粉和 Ca 浓度较高的块茎对机械冲击的抗性最高。
DM 和淀粉浓度较高的块茎对机械冲击的抗性增加的原因可能与这些块茎的某种细胞结构有关，因此需要相当大的力才能破坏细胞结构。较高的 Ca 浓度与块茎对机械冲击的抗性提高之间的关系可能与 Ca 在连接细胞壁聚合物从而稳定细胞壁中的作用有关。© 2018 英国化学学会。
