Nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in clinical stage I, low stage II and after chemotherapy in stage III nonseminomatous testicular cancer.

Future efforts should focus on finding more sensitive and specific noninvasive means to reach the accuracy of pathology staging. Currently, we believe that a nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has therapeutic and prognostic value and it will guide the clinician for the necessity of further treatment.