Uchenna Amadi P, Charity Ogunka-Nnoka U, Bene Abbey
Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric. 2019;10(2):140-151. doi: 10.2174/2212798410666181217141311.
Plantain Pseudostem (PPS) wastes were biotransformed by applying Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) using excised snail digestive juice and yeast slurry, and their oil properties compared with oils from commercially sold poultry feeds (PF). Patents suggesting the inclusion of certain additives (US20090226558A1), spices (US5741508A), cysteamine (US4711897A), and dextrin (US6326051B1) in animal diets are regarded as expensive, thus, requiring cheaper and readily available sources of growth.
The analysis of their free radical scavenging potentials was carried by spectrophotometry, while fatty acids, volatile fatty acids, essentials oils, and phytosterols were determined by chromatography.
After biotransformation, the melting point, specific gravity, acid, and peroxide values of the oils from SSF-PPS were significantly lower than those of PF, and showed elevations of C6:0- C18:1(trans-9) fatty acids, palmitic, stearic, γ-Linolenic, α-linolenic, behenic, and lignoceric acids. Camphene, β-phelandrene, eugenol, β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, guaiol, tetradecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid levels decreased when PPS was biotransformed. Lactic (1575.75 mg/100g), acetic (1234.26 mg/100g), propionic (845.74 mg/100g), and n-butyric (68.56 mg/100g) acids were the predominant Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) in the SSF-PPS oils, which were higher than those found in the PF oil while PF oil contained higher campesterol, Stigmasterol, and 5-avesmasterol. The 2,2- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging potentials of PPS oil at high concentrations after biotransformation were equivalent to the standards and the PF oil.
This study has shown that biotransformation involving snail digestive juice and yeasts extensively improves the oil qualities of agricultural residues sufficient enough for poultry nutrition.
利用切除的蜗牛消化液和酵母浆通过同步糖化发酵（SSF）对芭蕉假茎（PPS）废料进行生物转化，并将其油特性与市售家禽饲料（PF）的油特性进行比较。建议在动物饲料中添加某些添加剂（美国专利20090226558A1）、香料（美国专利5741508A）、半胱胺（美国专利4711897A）和糊精（美国专利6326051B1）的专利被认为成本高昂，因此需要更便宜且易于获取的生长源。
通过分光光度法分析其自由基清除潜力，同时通过色谱法测定脂肪酸、挥发性脂肪酸、精油和植物甾醇。
生物转化后，SSF-PPS油的熔点、比重、酸值和过氧化值显著低于PF油，且C6:0 - C18:1（反式-9）脂肪酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、山嵛酸和木质素酸含量有所升高。PPS生物转化后，莰烯、β-水芹烯、丁香酚、β-榄香烯、双环吉马烯、愈创木醇、十四烷酸和十六烷酸含量降低。乳酸（1575.75毫克/100克）、乙酸（1234.26毫克/100克）、丙酸（845.74毫克/100克）和正丁酸（68.56毫克/100克）是SSF-PPS油中的主要挥发性脂肪酸（VFA），高于PF油中的含量，而PF油含有更高的菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和5-燕麦甾醇。生物转化后高浓度的PPS油对2,2-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）、超氧化物和一氧化氮自由基的清除潜力与标准物和PF油相当。
本研究表明，涉及蜗牛消化液和酵母的生物转化能显著改善农业残留物的油品质，足以用于家禽营养。
